Janssen, Zacharias. 1580-1638. Dutch. Compound microscope 1590.

January Insurrection. 1863-4. Unsuccessful Polish revolution vs Russia.

Jaques-Dalcroze, Émile. 1865-1950. Swiss composer. Developed Eurhythmics 1905.

Jassy, Treaty. 1792. Ends Russo-Turkish war. Russia gains Crimea.

Java Man. First known fossils of Homo Erectus, discovered 1891.

Jay, John. 1745-1829. US president of Continental Congress 1778. First Chief Justice. Jay’s Treaty.

Jay’s Treaty. 1794. Brititish concessions to US to avoid another war doesn’t appease Americans.

Jeffreys of Wem, Baron. 1645-89. Bloody Assizes judge. Extortion, corruption. Lord Chancellor 1685-8.

Jehovah’s Witnesses. 1879-. Christian sect believing in Christ’s imminent second coming. Founded by Russell. Publish Watchtower and Awake!. Yahweh.

Jena-Auerstadt, Battles. 1806. Napoleonic victories over Prussians led to fall of Berlin.

Jenkins’ Ear, War. 1739-43. England vs Spain over restrictions of trade with Spanish colonies...War of Austrian Succession. Spanish cut ear, 1731.

Jennings, Peter. 1950-. British author/inventor. Microchess 1976. Visidex 1980. Pocket History 1986-2009. MagicNotch 1990.

Jennings, Sarah. 1660-1744. Influential Duchess of Marlborough in court of Queen Anne.

Jerusalem. 3500BC settled. c1000BC David conquers for Israel. 721BC Assyrians conquer. Lost Tribes. 586BC Nebuchadnezzar. 539BC Cyrus. 332BC Alexander...320BC Ptolemy I Soter. 197BC Seleucid. 167BC Hasmonaean. 63BC Rome. 324 Byzantine. 614 Persia. 637 Moslem. 1099 Crusades. Latin Kingdom. 1187 Saladin. 1260 Mameluk. 1517 Ottoman. 1917 British Mandate. 1949 Israel/Jordan. 1967 Israel re-unites. 1996 Israel/Palestinian Authority.

Jesuit Order. Society of Jesus.1534-. Founded by Loyola. Vows of poverty, chastity, and perfect obedience to Pope. Missionary and educational work. Dissolved 1773; restored 1814.

Jesus. c6BC-c30. Jewish prophet, believed by Christians to be the Messiah, son of God. Crucified. Resurrected. Life and death were inspiration for Christianity.

Jewish Revolts. vs Romans. 66-73: Failed, Temple destroyed. 132-5: Suppressed by Hadrian. Jews banished from Jerusalem.

Jibril. Islamic archangel. God’s messenger to Muhammad. = Gabriel.

Jimmu Tennõ. c660BC. Japan’s legendary first Emperor. Direct descendent of Sun goddess.

Jingoism. Excessive nationalism. Originally for British who intervened in Russo-Turkish War, 1877.

Joan of Arc, St. c1412-31. Defeated English at Orléans. Burned by the English as heretic. Rehabilitated 1456.

John. The Fearless. 1371-1419. Duke of Burgundy 1404-. War vs Armagnacs.1407 conquered Paris, won crown. Assassinated by Armagnacs during negotiations.

John of Damascus, St. 675-749. Syrian Iconophile. Source of Knowledge 743.

John of the Cross, St. 1542-91. Spanish mystic poet. Founded Discalced Carmelites.

Joliot-Curie, Frédéric. 1900-58, and Irène. 1897-1956. Discovered Uranium fission 1934. Artificial radioactive substances.

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