Henry IV. 1050-1106. Holy Roman Emperor, 1056-. Civil War. Struggles with Gregory VII led to excommunication. Worms Synod. Clement III.

Henry IV. of Navarre. 1553-1610. King of France 1589-. Converted to Catholicism. Edict of Nantes protected Protestant rights. ’Reign of Rebuilding’. Assassinated by Ravaillac. Margaret of France.

Henry VI. 1421-71. King of England and France 1422-61, 70-1. Founded King’s College Cambridge, Eton. Lost France except Calais. Weakness led to War of Roses. Deposed.

Henry VIII. 1491-1547. King of England 1509-. Executed Thomas More. Established Church of England. Dissolved monasteries. Six wives: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr.

Hepplewhite, George. -1786. English Neoclassical furniture designer.

Heptarchy. 5-9C. Seven kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, Mercia, E. Anglia, Northumbria. Frequent wars.

Herald. Medieval officer who conveyed messages between opposing leaders.

Heredia, Jose de. 1842-1905. Cuban/French Parnassian poet.

Hermes. Greek fertility, messenger god. = Mercury.

Hermes Trismegistus. Egyptian founder of alchemy. Passed secret only to the sons of Pharaoahs.

Herod. 73-4BC. King of Judaea 37BC-. Massacre of the Innocents.

Herzberg, Gerhard. 1904-99. Canadian physicist. Electronic structure of molecules.

Herzen, Aleksandr. 1812-70. Russian revolutionary writer.

Hess. Rudolph. 1894-1987. German Nazi leader. Flew to Scotland, 1941. Sentenced to life at Nuremberg.

Hesse, Hermann. 1877-1962. German/Swiss writer of psychological, mystical. Siddharta 1922. Steppenwolf 1927. Magister Ludi 1943.

Hessians. German mercenaries fighting for Britain in American Revolution.

Hestia. Greek goddess of the hearth.

Heuss, Theodor. 1884-1963. First President of German Federal Republic, 1949-59.

Heydrich, Reinhard. 1904-42. Deputy head SS. Assassination led to Lidice massacre.

Himmler, Heinrich. 1900-45. German Gestapo and SS head. Concentration camps. Suicide after Allied capture.

Hindemith, Paul. 1895-1963. German Gebrauchmusik movement composer. Music as social expression.

Hippolytus, St. c170-235. Italian martyr. First Antipope, 217-.

Hiss, Alger. 1904-96. Alleged communist spy in US State Department. Jailed for perjury 1950-4.

Hodler, Ferdinand. 1853-1918. Swiss Symbolist artist. The Night 1890.

Hofmann, Hans. 1880-1966. German/US improvising painter. Influenced Abstract Expressionism.

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