Empire. Style of Art. 1804-14. Classical heroic grandiose trend from Napoleon’s court. Arc de Triomphe, 1806.

Ems Dispatch. 1870. Bismarck alters telegram from Wilhelm, causing Franco-Prussian War.

Enlightenment. 17-18C. Intellectual movement. Rationalism, natural laws vs dogma, authority. J-J Rousseau. Smith. Mendlessohn. Fontenelle. Voltaire. Montesquieu. Hume. Berkeley. Sturm und Drang.

Ensor, James. 1860-1949. Belgian painter and engraver. Pessimistic fantasy and social commentary.

Eos. Greek Goddess of dawn. = Aurora.

Ephesus, Council. 431. Nestor debates Cyril. Monophysitism adopted.

Épinay, Louise d’. 1726-83. French Enlightenment patroness.

Epiphenomenalism. Mind exists only as a process within the physical system of matter. Cannot exist without it. Hobbes.

Erastus, Thomas. 1524-83. Swiss theologian. Advocated complete domination of state over church.

Erfurt Parliament. 1850. Austrian opposition causes withdrawal of Prussian plan for German Unification.

Ericsson, John. 1803-89. Swedish/US. Invented screw propeller, designed Monitor.

Eriksson, Leif. Leif Eriksson.

Erinyes. Greek goddesses of vengeance. =Furies.

Errs. Greek goddess of discord. Threw the apple that led to the Trojan War.

Erté, Roman. 1892-1990. Russian/French Art Deco artist.

Escalade. December 12 celebration of Savoy’s unsuccessful last attack on Geneva, 1602.

Essad, Pasha. 1863-1920. Albanian dictator, 1914-16.

Essex. 6C Saxon kingdom. 860 «Wessex.

Essex, Earl of. (Robert Devereux). 1567-1601. Favourite of Elizabeth I. Executed.

Estonia. c1000BC Aesti. 9C- Vikings invade. 11,12C Russia, Denmark, Sweden invades. 1219 Denmark. 1346 Teutonic Knights buy. 16C Sweden/Poland/Denmark divide. 17C Sweden. 1721 Russian. 1918 Independent. 1919-33 Unstable governments. 1924 Failed Bolshevik revolution. 1934 Päts coup. 1940 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Estrées, Gabrielle d’. 1573-99. Mistress of French Henry IV.

Eucken, Rudolf. 1846-1926. German philosopher: personal ethics are more important than intellectual idealism.

Eugénie. 1826-1920. Spanish Empress of France, 1853-70.

Euler, Leonhard. 1707-83. Swiss mathematician. Calculus, optics. Analytic geometry.

European Parliament. 1958 Assembly. 1979 Legislature. 1993 Legislative Assembly of European Union.

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