Conservative Party. Britain. 1832. Successor to Tory Party.

Constant de Rebecque, Benjamin. 1767-1830. Swiss/French author. Adolphe.

Constantinople Agreements. 1915. Secret French/British pact to give Dardanelles to Russia after WWI. Bolsheviks repudiated all previous treaties, but publicized secret ones-embarrassing.

Continental Congress. 1774-89. US Government until Constitution approved. Proclaimed Declaration of Independence.

Continental System. 1806-12. Napoleon’s European embargo vs Britain. Russian refusal led to 1812 Campaign. British retaliation led to Anglo-American War 1812.

Conventice Acts. 1593, 1664-1689. Suppressed dissension in Church of England.

Corinthian. Most recent style of Classical Greek Architecture. Acanthus leaves on column capital.

Corporate State. Mussolini economic system. Capitalist elements in state controlled economy.

Cortes. Spanish National Assembly.

Cossacks. Russian peasant soldiers.

Cotton Famine. 1861-5. English depression due to supply cut-off during American Civil War.

Council of the Republic. 1917. Russian provisional government.

Countess of Huntingdon’s Connexion. 1746-. Methodist Calvinistic sect.

Count’s War. 1533-36. Danish war of succession. Confirmed Protestant Reformation and hereditary succession.

Crassus, Lucius. 140-91BC. Roman statesman, orator. Banished non-citizens, causing Social War.

Crassus, Marcus. c115-53BC. First Roman triumvirate member. Suppressed Spartacus’ slave revolt.

Cressida. Unfaithful to Troilus, she deserted Troy for the Greeks.

Crete. c6100BC Knossos civilization. 3500BC Minoan. 1100BC Greek 67BC Rome. 826 Saracen. 960 Byzantine. 1205 Venice. 1669 Ottoman. 1912 Greece. 1941-45 Germany occupies.

Crick, Francis. 1916-. British discoverer of DNA structure with Watson 1953.

Crimean War. 1853-6. Russian attempt to get a Mediterranean port stopped by Turkey, England, France, Sardinia. Dispute over Holy places in Palestine.

Cripps Mission. 1942. British attempt to negotiate India’s aid in WWII.

Cross, Richard. 1823-1914. British statesman: First urban renewal act.

Crossword Puzzles. 1923 US. 1930 Times.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Cuban Missile Crisis. 1962. Kennedy blockades Cuba to prevent Soviet missile installation.

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