Beresteczko, Battle. 1651. Poland defeats Ukraine Cossacks who then ally with Russia.

Bergman, Ingmar. 1918-. Swedish filmmaker dealing with moral issues, psychoses. Persona 1966.

Bergson, Henri. 1859-1941. Philosopher. Creative Evolution 1907. The life force. Vitalism.

Bering, Vitus. 1681-1741. Danish explorer of Alaska for Russia 1728-.

Berlin. Capital of: 1701 Prussia. 1871 Germany. 1949 German Democratic Republic. 1990 Germany.

Berlin, Irving. 1888-1989. Russian/US popular composer. White Christmas, Annie Get Your Gun 1946.

Berlin Blockade. 1948-9. Russia’s winter blockade is thwarted by US, British airlift of supplies.

Berlin Conference. 1884. Bismarck called 15 nations to resolve African issues. Congo granted independence. Slavery suppressed.

Berlin Congress. 1878. Bulgaria divided, independence for Romania, Serbia. Turkey gains Macedonia. Russia gains Armenia. Britain gains Cyprus. Revised San Stefano treaty.

Bernadotte, Folke. 1895-1948. UN mediator in Palestine, assassinated by Jewish terrorists.

Bernard, St. 923-1008. Founder of Swiss alpine hospices 962.

Bernardin de St. Pierre, Jacques. 1737-1814. French writer. Propagated JJ Rousseau’s back to nature philosophy. Paul et Virginie 1788.

Bernhardt, Sarah. 1844-1923. French dramatic actress. Roles in Phèdre, La Tosca.

Bernoulli, Daniel. 1700-82. Swiss discoverer of hydrodynamics. Hydrodynamica 1738.

Bernoulli, Jacob. 1654-1705. Swiss mathematician. Probability. B Numbers.

Bessarabia. Disputed Black Sea region between Romania and Russia. 14C Moldavia. 15/16C Ottoman. 1812 Russia. 1918 Romania. 1940 MSSR. 1941 Romania. 1944 USSR. 1991 Moldova.

Bessel, F.W. 1784-1846. German astronomer. B Function 1817.

Bessemer, Henry. 1813-98. English inventor of economical steel making process, 1856.

Beurse, van der. 14C Brussels moneylender. Led to term, Bourse.

Biological Weapons Convention. 1972. Britain, US, USSR agreement to ban germ warfare.

Birch, John. -1945. US missionary killed in China. Cold War hero of John Birch Society.

Bismarck, Otto von. 1815-98. Prince. Prussian Prime Minister 1862-90. Founded German Empire; First Chancellor 1871-90. Provoked Franco-Prussian War. Ems Dispatch. Schleswig.

Bjorko Treaty. 1905. Unimplemented military alliance between German Wilhelm II and Russian Nicholas II.

Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne. 1832-1910. Norwegian poet, novelist: Kongen 1877, National anthem.

Bjørnsson, Sveinn. 1881-1952. First President of Iceland Republic, 1944-.

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