Jerusalem, Council. 50. Exempted Gentiles from Mosaic Law, circumcision.

Jerusalem, Kingdom. 1099-1291. Palestine kingdom created by leaders of First Crusade. King of Jerusalem used as title until 15C.

Jerusalem, Synod. 1672. Eastern Orthodox Church denounces Calvinism and Lutheranism.

Jesuit Estates Act. 1888. Quebec awards restitution to Jesuits for British land appropriation 1773.

Jewish Revolts. vs Romans. 66-73: Failed, Temple destroyed. 132-5: Suppressed by Hadrian. Jews banished from Jerusalem.

Jimenez de Quesada, Gonzalo. c1495-1579. Spanish conquistador. Founded Bogota, Colombia.

John. The Fearless. 1371-1419. Duke of Burgundy 1404-. War vs Armagnacs.1407 conquered Paris, won crown. Assassinated by Armagnacs during negotiations.

John, St. The Baptist. -28. Baptised Christ. Beheaded for Salome by Herod Antipas.

John III. 1629-96. King of Poland 1674-. “Champion of Christendom” saved Vienna from Turks 1683.

John VIII. -882. Pope 872-. Paid Saracens for protection. Slavs allowed liturgy in Slavic.

John Baptist de la Salle, St. 1651-1789. French priest. Founded Reims school.

John of Brienne. 1148-1237. French. Led 5th Crusade. King of Jerusalem 1210-25.

Johnson, Andrew. 1808-75. US President 1865-9. Reconstruction. Civil Rights Act 1866. Barely acquitted in impeachment trial.

Johnson, Samuel. 1709-84. English lexicographer. Dictionary 1755. Subject of Boswell biography.

Jonestown Massacre. 1978. 913 followers of US cult leader James Jones commit suicide in Guyana.

Jordaens, Jacob. 1593-1678. Flemish painter. Boisterous scenes of peasant life. Allegory 1625.

Joseph II. 1741-90. Holy Roman Emperor, 1765-. Enlightened despot. Edict of Tolerance. Dominated by mother, Maria Theresa -1780.

Juárez, Benito. 1806-72. Mexican hero. Leader 1855~. Overthrew Santa Anna. La Reforma.

Judaism. Monotheistic religion founded by Abraham, who had covenant with God. Branches include: Orthodox. 19C-. Rigorous adherence to original Jewish Law; Rabbinic. 70-18C. Priest replaced by Rabbi. Sacrifice...Study of Torah. Temple...Synagogue; Reform. 19C. Modern liberal interpretation of Judaism. Hasidism. Mishna. Moses.

Julian Calendar. 45BC-1582. Julius Caesar’s 90 day correction to calendar. Changed to 365.25 day year. Corrected by Gregory. Christian Era.

July Revolution. 1830. France. Thiers. Charles X abdicates and flees to England. Louis-Philippe ascends. Caused by July Ordinances.

Jung, Karl. 1875-1961. Swiss psychiatrist. Synchronicity-theory that related events occur at the same time without connecting cause. Astrology. Psychology of the Unconscious 1912. Extrovert. Introvert. Collective Unconscious.

Juvenal. c60-127. Romanic stoic poet: Satires.

Kalidasa. 5C. Indian dramatist. Sakuntala.

Kansas. Kansa, Osage, Pawnee, Wichita. 1541 Coronado explores. 1803 US acquires in Louisiana Purchase. 1861 34th state.

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