Bourgeoisie. French merchant, craft class. Marxist term for those who do not live by the sale of their labour. Proletariat.

Bourges, Pragmatic Sanction. 1438. French Charles VIII supports Gallicanism vs pope.

Bourne, Randolph. 1886-1918. US pacifist essayist. Untimely Papers 1919.

Boxer Rebellion. 1900. Massacre of ‘foreign devils’ by Chinese led to reprisals and Peking Protocol.

Boyacá, Battle. 1819. South American rebels win independence from New Granada from Spain. Bolivar. Santander.

Brahmanas. 900-700BC Vedic texts for sacrifices.

Brandywine, Battle. 1777. British victory in American Revolution. Diversion led to loss at Saratoga.

Brant, Sebastian. 1458-1521. German medieval satirical poet. Ship of Fools 1494.

Brinvilliers, Marie. 1630-76. French poisoner, beheaded. Poisons Affair.

Brock, Isaac. 1769-1812. British military commander. Upper Canada hero in War of 1812.

Brook Farm. 1841-7. Massachussets commune. Ripley. Hawthorne.

Brooke, James. 1803-68. British “White Raja”; family ruled Sarawak 1841-1946.

Brosse, Salomon de. 1571-1624. Architect: Luxembourg Palace 1615.

Brown, Arthur. 1886-1948. First non-stop transatlantic flight, 1919, with Alcock.

Brownshirts. SA.

Bruegel, Pieter (the Elder). 1525-69. Flemish narrative painter of village life. Natural realism. Peasant Wedding 1567. Hunters in the Snow 1565.

Brunel, Isambard. 1806-59. British inventor of transatlantic steamship, 1838; screw propeller, 1845.

Brut. Unrestricted style of art produced by those outside of society: insane, criminal, etc.

Brute. Descendant of Aeneas, said to have founded New Troy at London..

Brutus, Marcus. 85-42BC. Conspired vs Caesar. Commited suicide after Philippi.

Bukhari, al. 810-870. Arab scholar. Collected sayings of Mohammed.

Bulgarian Horrors. 1876. Brutal Ottoman suppression of uprising. 15,000 killed in reprisals.

Bull, John. 1562-1628. English early keyboard composer. Often credited with God Save the Queen.

Burckhardt, Jacob. 1818-97. Swiss cultural historian. Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy 1860.

Burgess, Anthony. 1917-95. English Social novelist. Clockwork Orange 1962. Wanting Seed 1962.

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