Ems Dispatch. 1870. Bismarck alters telegram from Wilhelm, causing Franco-Prussian War.

Erfurt Parliament. 1850. Austrian opposition causes withdrawal of Prussian plan for German Unification.

Erté, Roman. 1892-1990. Russian/French Art Deco artist.

Estonia. c1000BC Aesti. 9C- Vikings invade. 11,12C Russia, Denmark, Sweden invades. 1219 Denmark. 1346 Teutonic Knights buy. 16C Sweden/Poland/Denmark divide. 17C Sweden. 1721 Russian. 1918 Independent. 1919-33 Unstable governments. 1924 Failed Bolshevik revolution. 1934 Päts coup. 1940 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Fabergé, Peter. 1846-1920. Russian jeweller. Imperial Easter Eggs 1884-1917.

Fellow Travellers. 1917. Russian writers not actively supporting the revolution. Communist sympathizers who are not party members.

Five Year Plans. 1928- Russian planning cycles.

Franco-Prussian War. 1870-1. Unified Germany dominated by Prussia, wins Alsace-Lorraine. Commune. Ems Dispatch.

Franco-Russian Alliance. Dual Alliance.

Frankfurt, Treaty. 1871. Ended Franco-Prussian War. France paid indemnity, gave up Alsace-Lorraine.

Frederick II. The Great. 1712-86. Powerful Prussian king. Siezed Silesia from Austria. Patron of Arts. Liberal internal reforms.

Fürstenbund. “League of Princes” 1785. Prussian-led association of German states vs Joseph II.

Galicia. 6C Lechs/Ruthenians settle. 10C Russian. 1087 Independent prin. 1241 Mongol. 1349 Pol. 1772 Austrian. 1918 Pol. 1939 USSR(E).

Glinka, Mikhail. 1804-57. First important Russian Nationalist composer. A Life for the Czar 1836.

Gneisenau, August. 1760-1831. Prussian general vs Napoleon.

Godunov, Boris. 1551-1605. Russian czar 1598-.

Gogol, Nikolai. 1809-52. Russian Realist writer. Dead Souls 1842.

Goldman, Emma. 1869-1940. Russian/US anarchist. Deported from US, 1919.

Gorky, Maxim. 1868-1936. Russian writer. Childhood 1913-14.

GPU. 1922-23. Russian Secret Police. OGPU.

Hardenberg, Karl von. 1750-1822. Prussian chancellor 1810- during Napoleonic Wars. Citizenship to Jews.

Hungarian Uprising. 1703-11. Ferenc Rákóczi II led vs Hapsburg centralism. No real change achieved. 1956. Student-led revolt crushed by Russian troops. Kádár puppet government established. Nagy executed.

Igor. 1151-1202. Russian prince defeated by Polotsy. Hero of literature.

Inkerman, Battle. 1854. Crimean War defeat of Russians by English and French.

Intelligentsia. 19C. Educated middle class Russians seeking reform.

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