Anglo-Russian Entente. 1907. Defined spheres of influence.

Austerlitz, Battle. Moravia. Napoleon defeats Austrians and Russians, Dec 2, 1805. Peace with Austria.

Austrian Succession, War. 1740-48. Jenkins Ear and King George’s Wars. Maria Theresa recognized. Francis I becomes Holy Roman Emperor. Prussian power shown. Aix-la-Chapelle Treaty. Silesian War.

Austro-Prussian War. 1866. Austria excluded from German Confederation. Austrian influence in Italy ended. Dual Monarchy.

Bakunin, Mikhail. 1814-76. Russian anarchist revolutionary. International movement. Advocated assassination. Dieu et l’état 1871.

Balakirev, Mili. 1837-1910. Russian composer. Influenced 19C Russian music. Overture on Russian Themes 1897.

Balkan Crisis. 1875-8. Britain, Austria fear Russian expansion. Congress of Berlin.

Ballet. Dance form originating in 15C Italy, and codified in Louis XIV court. Refined by Russians 19C.

Bar, Confederation of. 1768-72. Polish RC nobles vs Russian hegemony.

Bautzen, Battle. 1813. Napoleon defeats Prussians.

Belgrade, Treaty. 1739. Ottoman Empire ends wars with Austria and Russia. Limits Russian ships on Black Sea.

Belinsky, V.G. 1811-48. Russian literary critic. Emphasized social responsibility of literature. “Father of Russian radical intelligentsia.”

Berlin, Irving. 1888-1989. Russian/US popular composer. White Christmas, Annie Get Your Gun 1946.

Bismarck, Otto von. 1815-98. Prince. Prussian Prime Minister 1862-90. Founded German Empire; First Chancellor 1871-90. Provoked Franco-Prussian War. Ems Dispatch. Schleswig.

Bjorko Treaty. 1905. Unimplemented military alliance between German Wilhelm II and Russian Nicholas II.

Black Hundreds. 1905-9. Russian movement. Opposed revolution. Persecuted Jews-50,000 dead.

Blücher, Gebhardt von. 1742-1819. Prussian general at Waterloo.

Borodin, Aleksander. 1833-87. Russian heroic composer. Prince Igor 1869.

Bukharin, Nikolay. 1888-1938. Russian Bolshevik. Shot in Stalin’s Purge. Rehabilitated 1988.

Bülow, Bernard. 1849-1929. Prussian Prime Minister 1900-9. Bismarckian Realpolitik. Social legislation.

Bulow, Friedrich. 1755-1816. Prussian general against Napoleon.

Bunin, Ivan. 1870-1953. Russian poet/novelist. Village 1923.

Bylini. Russian oral historical poems.

Caran d’Ache. 1858-1909. Russian/French humorist, cartoonist.

Chagall, Marc. 1887-1985. Russian/French painter of biblical scenes. Stained glass. Ceiling, Paris Opera 1964.

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