Clare, Richard de. 1222-62. Led Barons. Provisions of Oxford.

Clausewitz, Karl von. 1780-1831. German. On War 1816.

Clemenceau, Georges. 1841-1929. French Radical Prime Minister 1917-20. Dreyfus defender. War leader.

Cleon. -422BC. Athenian leader; advocated Pelop. War.

Coalition, Wars of. 1792-1815. European powers oppose France’s revolutionary ideas and expansion. French Revolutionary Wars. Napoleonic Wars. Third Coalition War.

Cochise. -1874. Apache warrior Indian chief.

Cod War. 1972-6. Britain upset at Iceland’s unilateral expansion of fishing limits to 50 miles.

Coke, Edward. 1552-1634. English jurist. Defended Common Law. Prosecuted Raleigh.

Cold War. 1946-90. Alternating crisis and detente between west and east, begun with Russia breaking Potsdam Agreement and creating communist regimes in East Germany and Czechoslovakia.

Colonial Wars. 1834-1902. British wars against Sikhs, Burmese, Crimeans, Boers.

Constitution. 1797. US warship Old Ironsides.

Corinthian Wars. 395-387BC. Athens and allies overcome Spartan domination.

Coty, René. 1882-1962. President of France, 1954-59. Algerian Crisis 1958, led to return of deGaulle.

Count’s War. 1533-36. Danish war of succession. Confirmed Protestant Reformation and hereditary succession.

Coward, Noel. 1899-1973. English playwright. Comedies of manners. Private Lives 1930.

Crassus, Lucius. 140-91BC. Roman statesman, orator. Banished non-citizens, causing Social War.

Creek War. 1813-14. Creek Indians defeated by Jackson, give up lands to US.

Crépy, Treaty. 1544. Ends 23 years of war between Holy Roman Empire and France.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Cuba. Ciboney, Arawak. 1492 Columbus discovers. 1511 Spanish colony. 1517 Slaves brought. 1898 US. Spanish-American War. 1902 Republic. 1957-9 Castro Revolution, Communist dictatorship.

Cuchulain. Legendary powerful Irish warrior.

Dares Phrygius. Trojan Priest. Wrote about Trojan Wars.

Dark Ages. c500-1000. Period of decline, frequent war. Little documentation survives.

Davout, Louis. 1770-1823. Napoleon’s general, Minister of War 1815.

Dayan, Moshe. 1915-81. Israeli general in Arab-Israeli Wars. Cabinet Minister 1967~79.

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