Borodin, Aleksander. 1833-87. Russian heroic composer. Prince Igor 1869.

Bosnia and Herzegovina. Balkans. 1180 Independent Kingdom. 1350 +Hum (Herzegovina). 1463 Ottoman. 1878 Austria-Hungary. 1797 France. 1805 Russia. 1918 Yugoslavia. 1946 Communist. 1992 Independent. 1993 Yugoslav Serbs invade. 1995 Dayton Accord.

Bosnian Crisis. 1908-9. Russia sides with Serbian rebels after Austria-Hungary annexation. Black Hand.

Boyar. 10-17C. Russ. noble landowners.

Brest-Litovsk, Treaty. 1918. Russia exits WWI leaving 1/3 population in German hands.

Bukharin, Nikolay. 1888-1938. Russian Bolshevik. Shot in Stalin’s Purge. Rehabilitated 1988.

Bülow, Bernard. 1849-1929. Prussian Prime Minister 1900-9. Bismarckian Realpolitik. Social legislation.

Bulow, Friedrich. 1755-1816. Prussian general against Napoleon.

Bunin, Ivan. 1870-1953. Russian poet/novelist. Village 1923.

Bylini. Russian oral historical poems.

Caran d’Ache. 1858-1909. Russian/French humorist, cartoonist.

Carol II. 1893-1953. Dictatorial Romanian king 1930-40. Abdicated after losing territory to Russia.

Catherine I. c1684-1727. Empress of Russia 1725-.

Catherine II, the Great. 1729-96. Autocratic Empress of Russia, 1762-. Overthrew husband, Peter III. Annexed Crimea, Polish territory.

Chagall, Marc. 1887-1985. Russian/French painter of biblical scenes. Stained glass. Ceiling, Paris Opera 1964.

Charter to the Nobility. 1785. Rights and prerogatives of Russian nobility.

Chaykovsky, Nikolai. 1850-1926. Russian Socialist. Opposed Bolsheviks. Led counterrevolutionary government 1918-20.

Cheka. 1917-22. Russian secret police. GPU.

Chekhov, Anton. 1860-1904. Russian melancholic cynical novelist/dramatist: Seagull, Three Sisters.

Chicherin, Georgi. 1872-1936. Russian diplomat. Won recognition for Communist government.

Chkheidze, Nikolai. 1864-1926. Russ. Menshevik leader.

Chuikov, Vasily. 1900-82. Russian WWII General. Defended Stalingrad.

CIS. 1991. Commonwealth of Independent States led by Russia. Ukraine, Belarus. Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova.

Cold War. 1946-90. Alternating crisis and detente between west and east, begun with Russia breaking Potsdam Agreement and creating communist regimes in East Germany and Czechoslovakia.

Commune, Paris. 1871. Revolutionary government formed when Thiers abandoned Paris to Prussians. Crushed 2 months later by McMahon. 20,000 killed.

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