Stroganov. Wealthy Russian merchant family 16-17C. Helped colonise Siberia 1574. Aided czars.

Suprematism. 20C. Russian school of geometric abstract art.

Supreme Privy Council. 1726-30. Effectively ruled Russia after Peter the Great’s death without heir.

Sweden. c8000BC Settled. 9C Rurik establishes Russ dynasty. c1000 Christian. 1319 +Norway. 1397 Kalmar Union. 1520 Revolt. 1523 Independence Vasa dynasty. 1809 -Finland. 1814 +Norway. 1905 -Norway.

Tajikistan. 3C BC Persian Empire. 711 Moslem. 1860 Russia. 1924 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Tallin. 1219 Danish fortress in Estonia. 1285 Hanseatic League. 1346 Teutonic Knights. 1561 Sweden. 1710 Russia. 1918 Estonia.

Tannenberg, Battle. 1410. Victory of Poles and Lithuanians ends Teutonic Knights’ expansion. 1914. Germans rout 2 Russian armies, crippling them for rest of WWI.

Tarkovsky, Andrei. 1932-86. Russian poetic filmmaker. Stalker. Sacrifice.

Tartu, Treaty. 1920. Estonia independent of Russia.

Tatarstan. 8C Bulgars settle. Tatars. 13C Golden Horde. 1552 Russia. 1991 Independent Republic within Russian Federation.

Tchaikovsky, Peter. 1840-93. Russian composer of operas and ballets with emotional appeal. Swan Lake 1877. Sleeping Beauty 1890. Nutcracker 1892.

Temporary Rules. 1882-1912. Russian anti-Jewish restrictions after pogrom 1881.

Tereshkova, Valentina. 1937-. Russian. First woman in space 1963.

Teschen Treaty. 1779. Austria, Prussia end War of Bavarian Succession.

Teutonic Knights. c1190-1809. Military Germanic order to treat wounded crusaders. 13-14C Empire over Prussia, Estonia, Latvia. Tannenberg.

Third Coalition, War. 1805. England, Austria, Russia, Sweden beaten by France, Spain despite Trafalgar victory. Ulm. Austerlitz. Coalition.

Three Emperors’ League. 1873-75, 1881-87. Secret Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia. For mutual peace and to isolate France.

Tilsit, Treaties. 1807. Russia, Prussia join Continental System. Russia free to attack Finland. Prussia surrenders to Napoleon, reduced in size. France controls Central Europe. Creates Warsaw Duchy, Westphalia.

Tolstoy, Lev. 1828-1910. Russian historical novelist. Moralist. Occupied with social reforms; freed his serfs. Founded Christian anarchist religion. War and Peace 1863-9. Anna Karenina 1875-7.

Torun, Treaty. 1466. Poland, Teutonic Knights. Poland regains Prussia. Knights acknowledge Polish sovereignty.

Totalitarianism. Government which tries to fully control life of citizens. Fascist Italy. Nazi Germany. Communist Russia.

Transportation. Removal of criminals to a distant place. 1783-1868 British send 160,000 to Australia. 1854-1946. French send to French Guiana. 1710- Russia banishes to Siberia.

Triple Alliance. 1668 England, United Provinces, Sweden vs France to protect Spanish Netherlands. 1717 France, England, Dutch Republic vs Spain...Quadruple Alliance. 1788-90 British, Dutch Republic, Prussia vs spread of Russo-Swedish War. 1795. England, Austria, Russia vs threat of French Revolution.1882-1914. Germany, Austria, Italy vs Triple Entente.

Triple Entente. 1893 France, Russia. 1904 +British-France. 1907 -Russia.

Trotsky. Lev Bronstein. 1879-1940. Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, with Lenin anti-Stalin. “Worldwide Permanent Revolution”-socialism in Russia requires revolution everywhere. Favoured International Communism over Stalin’s Russian nationalism. Organized First Soviet 1905. Twice banished to Siberia by Czar. 1918 War Commissar...Red Army. Banished by Stalin 1929. Murdered in exile in Mexico.

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