Przhevalsky, Nikolai. 1839-88. Russian explorer of Tibet, Mongolia.

Pugachov, Yemelyan. 1726-75. Russian. Led peasant rebellion vs serfdom 1773-5, impersonating Peter III.

Pushkin, Aleksandr. 1799-1837. Russian Romantic writer. Russia’s “Shakespeare”: Boris Gudonov 1825. Eugene Onegin 1823/4. Exiled 1821~6.

Quadruple Alliance. 1718. Austria, France, Britain, Dutch Republic. Defeated Spain’s attack on Sicily. 1813,15. Austria, Britain, Russia, Prussia. Enforced Treaty of Paris. 1834 France, Britain, Portugal, Spain. Supported Isabella II vs Carlist claims.

Quatre Bars, Battle. 1815. Preliminary to Waterloo. Napoleon defeats Prussians.

Quintuple Treaty. 1839. Britain, France, Prussia, Austria, Russia guaranteed Belgian integrity. London Treaty.

Rachmaninov, Sergei. 1873-1943. Russian/US pianist, composer. Romantic nostalgic works of great virtuosity. Prelude 1892.

Radek, Karl. 1885-1939. Russian. COMINTERN leader, propagandist. Purged.

Radishchev, Aleksandr. 1749-1802. Liberal Russian writer. Denounced serfdom. Exiled to Siberia.

Radowitz, Joseph von. 1797-1853. Prussian. Worked for unified Germany.

Radzin, Treaty. 1681. Ends First Russo-Turkish war. Russia gains Ukraine.

Rakovsky, Khristian. 1873-?. Russian Communist leader. Opposed Stalin. Imprisoned 1938.

Rand, Ayn. 1905-82. Russian/US Objectivist novelist. Fountainhead 1943. Atlas Shrugged 1957.

Rasputin, Grigori. 1872-1916. Russian adventurer, mystic. Influential in court of Nicholas II, 1906-. Murdered.

Reinsurance Treaty. 1887-90. Secret Russian-German pledge of non-intervention.

Republic, Council of the. 1917. Russian provisional government. Eliminated by Bolsheviks.

Riga, Treaties. 1920 Russia recognizes Latvian independence. 1921 Russia cedes land to Poland.

Rimini Golden Bull. 1226. Frederick II grants sovereignty of Prussia to Teutonic knights.

Rimsky-Korsakov, Nicolai. 1844-1908. Russian Nationalist composer/orchestrator: Scheherezade 1888. Operas.

Romanov. Russian dynasty 1613-1917. Michael.

Rothko, Mark. 1903-70. Russian/US Abstract Expressionist painter. Large canvases of solid color. Light Earth and Blue 1954.

Rubinstein, Anton. 1829-94. Russian pianist, composer. Operas, concerti. Demon 1875.

Rublyov, Andrei. c1360-1430. Russian icon painter.

Rurik. -879. Varangian prince, First ruler of Russia. Dynasty ruled to1598.

Russia. 9C Slavs, Rus invade. 862-1598 Rurik dynasty. 1240 Mongol Empire of Golden Horde. 1462 Ivan the Great. 16C Unified. 1613 Romanov dynasty. 1917 Communist. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 1991 Russian Federation. CIS.

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