Norsemen. Danes, Norwegians and Swedes who colonized Britain, France, Russia, 9-11C. Also called: Northmen, Vikings, Varangians. Beseiged Paris 885.

North German Confederation. 1867-71. 22 states led by Prussia. German Empire.

Northern War, Great. 1700-21. Sweden vs Russia and allies. Ends Sweden’s power, begins Russia’s.

November Insurrection. 1830-1. Polish fail to overthrow Russian domination.

Novgorod. <859. One of oldest Russian cities.

Novgorod School. 12-16C. Russian icon and mural painting.

Nureyev, Rudolph. 1938-93. Russian ballet dancer. Defected 1961.

Nystad, Treaty. 1721. Russia/Sweden. Russia gains window on Baltic. Ends Great Northern War.

October Manifesto. 1905. Nicholas II response to Russian Revolution. If enacted would have created a consititutional monarchy. Octobrists.

October Revolution. 1917. Bolsheviks, Lenin and Trotsky overthrow Kerensky’s Socialist provisional government in Russian Revolution.

Octobrists. 1905-17. Russian party seeking enactment of October Manifesto.

Old Believers. 17C- Russian sect vs Nikon’s reforms.

Oldenburg. 1180 Independent. 1667 Denmark. 1773 Russia. 1777 Independent. 1834 Prussia. 1853 Zollverein. 1871 German Empire. 1919 Republic. 1945 West Germany.

Oleg. -c912. Varangian prince of Kiev, founded Rus state.

Orlov, Grigory, Count. 1734-83. Russian lover of Catherine II; led coup vs Peter III. Advocated liberating Christians from Ottoman rule.

Orthodox Church, Eastern. 1054-. Autonomous Christian churches of Middle East, Eastern Europe, Russia using Byzantine rite. East-West Schism.

Pale. Region of a country subject to separate laws or government. 1171-16C part of Ireland subject to English rule. Pale of Settlement 1792-1917, Jews in Russia.

Paris, Congress. 1856. Austria, France, Britain, Russia, Ottomans, Sardinia end Crimean War.

Pasternak, Boris. 1890-1960. Russian writer. Dr. Zhivago 1957. (forced to decline).

Paul I. 1754-1801. Russian Emperor. Reversed reforms, isolated Russia. Assassinated.

Pavlov, Ivan. 1849-1936. Russian physiologist: discovered conditioned response.

Pavlova, Anna. 1849-1931. Russian ballerina.

Peipus, Battle of Lake. 1242. Russians repel Livonian Knights’ attack on Novgorod.

Peking, Treaty. 1860. China cedes coastal land to Russia.

Peter I. The Great. 1672-1725. Czar of Russia. Created navy. Defeated Sweden 1709. Founded St. Petersburg.

166 more results ...