Kutuzov, Mikhaïl. 1745-1813. Russian general. Repelled Napoleon, 1812.

Kyrgyzstan. 8C Arabs. 10-13C Kyrgyz settle from Siberia. 1758 China. 19C Uzbek. 1876 Russia. 1926 Kyrgyz SSR. 1991 Independent. CIS.

Ladislaus I. 1040-95. King of Hungary 1077-. National hero, defeated Poles, Russians, Tatars. Conquered Croats.

Land Decree. 1917. Confiscation of private property in Russia.

Latvia. 9C Varangian. 1158 Teutonic Knights. 1561 Poland(S). 1629 Sweden(N). 1721 Russian(N)...1795 Russian(all). 1918 Independent republic. 1934 Ulmanis dictator. 1940 USSR. 1941-45 German occupation. 1991 Independent.

League of 3 Emperors. 1872. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia for defence vs France.

Lenin, Vladimir Illyich. 1870-1924. Russian Bolshevik revolutionary. Dictator 1917-. Created authoritarian, elite, disciplined organization.

Lermontov, Mikhail. 1814-41. Russian Romantic Caucasus poet: Hero of Our Time 1840. Exiled 1837-38,40.

Lithuania. 1238 Mindaugas unites. 1385 +Poland. 1569 Lublin Union under Poland. 1795 Prussia/ Russia. 1918 Independent. 1926 Smetona putsch. 1940 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Livonia. 9C Livs. 1237 Teutonic Knights. 1569 Lithuania/ Poland. 1660 Sweden. 1721 Russia. 1918 Estonia/ Latvia.

Livonian War. 1558-83. Russia fails to conquer Livonia for access to Baltic.

Lobachevsky, Nikolay. 1792-1856. Russian. Invented non-Euclidian geometry, 1826.

Lomonosov, Mikhail. 1711-65. Russian writer/scientist. Established U of Moscow. Reformed Russian literary language.

London Pact. 1914. Britain France Russia agree to no separate peace with Central Powers.

London Treaty. 1674 Holland, England end War. 1824 Netherlands, Britain for control of Malaya. 1827 Britain, France, Russia to force mediation on Turkey/Greek freedom fighters. 1831 Belgian War of Independence. 1832 Britain, France, Bavaria made Otto I, King of Greece. 1852 Danish Succession. 1867 Luxembourg independence granted. 1871 Ended neutrality of Black Sea. 1913 Ended first Balkan War. 1915 (Secret) Britain-France-Russia grant concessions to Italy for joining WWI allies. Revealed by Bolsheviks 1918.

Luna 2. 1959 Russian spacecraft. Hard moon landing.

Luna 9. 1966 Russian spacecraft. Soft moon landing.

Lvov, Prince Georgi. 1861-1925. Russian leader of Provisional Government, 1917.

Lysenko, Trofim. 1898-1976. Russian biologist. Forced outdated Lamarck genetics on Agriculture Academy holding back Russian progress.

Mannerheim Line. Eastern Finnish fortification. Crossed by Russians 1940.

Marshal. Highest military rank in Britain, France, Germany, Russia, China.

Martov, L. 1873-1923. Russian Menshevik leader.

Maximilian II. 1811-64. Bavarian king 1848-. Tried to create a Bavarian-led alliance. Opposed by Prussia, Austria.

Mayakovsky, Vladimir. 1893-1930. Russian Revolution poet. Backbone Flute 1915. Cloud in Trousers 1915.

Mazurian Lakes, Battles. 1914,15. 325,000 Russian casualties by Germany.

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