Gogol, Nikolai. 1809-52. Russian Realist writer. Dead Souls 1842.

Golden Horde. 1250-1395. Mongol Empire in west Russia.

Goldman, Emma. 1869-1940. Russian/US anarchist. Deported from US, 1919.

Gorky, Maxim. 1868-1936. Russian writer. Childhood 1913-14.

GPU. 1922-23. Russian Secret Police. OGPU.

Greek Independence, War. 1821-29. Greek rebels, plus England, France, Russia defeat Turkey and Egypt. London Treaty. Otto I. Constantinople Treaty, 1832....End of Holy Alliance.

Gregorian Calendar. 1582. 11 Day correction and addition of non-leap centuries to Julian Calendar. Adopted 1752 England, 1918 Russia.

Gulistan, Treaty. 1813. Persia cedes Azerbaijan to Russia.

Hanover, Treaty. 1725. England, France, Prussia oppose Vienna Treaty.

Hardenberg, Karl von. 1750-1822. Prussian chancellor 1810- during Napoleonic Wars. Citizenship to Jews.

Herzen, Aleksandr. 1812-70. Russian revolutionary writer.

Hohenzollern. German family which ruled Prussia 1415-1918, united Germany 1871-1918. Kings of Romania 1866-1947.

Holy Alliance. 1815. Russia, Prussia, Austria ally to preserve Christian principles, peace and monarchies. All European rulers but 3 joined.

Hubertusburg Treaty. 1763. Prussia/Austria end 7 Years War. Prussia established as power.

Hungarian Uprising. 1703-11. Ferenc Rákóczi II led vs Hapsburg centralism. No real change achieved. 1956. Student-led revolt crushed by Russian troops. Kádár puppet government established. Nagy executed.

Iberia. c6C-65BC. Kingdom in southwest Russia.

Igor. 1151-1202. Russian prince defeated by Polotsy. Hero of literature.

Ili Crisis. 1871-81. Russia invades Chinese Ili province.

Inkerman, Battle. 1854. Crimean War defeat of Russians by English and French.

Intelligentsia. 19C. Educated middle class Russians seeking reform.

Iran. (Persia). 3000BC Elamite. 9C BC Median. 549 Achaemenid emp. 330 Alexander...Seleucid. 2C BC Arsacid. 224 Sassanid. 7C Moslem. 10C Local dynasties. 11C Seljuk Turks. 13C Mongol. 1501 Safavid. 1736 Nader Shah. 1795 Kajar dynasty 19C Britain, Russia dispute. 1925 Pahlavi coup. 1935 = Iran. 1979 Islamic Revolution, Khomeini dictator. Islamic Republic.

Iron Cross. 1813. Prussian military decoration.

Iron Curtain. 1946. Churchill’s name for Russia’s increasing influence in Eastern Europe. Dining à la Russe refers to carving being done behind an iron screen.

Ivan III. The Great. 1440-1505. United Russia 1478. Ended Tartar domination.

Ivan IV. The Terrible. 1530-84. First Russian czar 1547-. Expanded Russia. Established Czar’s power.

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