Royal Society of Arts. 1754.

Rupert, Prince. 1619-82. Royalist commander in English Civil War. First President of Hudson’s Bay Co.

Salic Law. 6C penal code issued by Clovis. Incorrectly cited 14-19C to limit royal succession to males; Spain by Philip V, 1713. Victoria. Isabella II.

Savonnerie. 1604-1826. Royal French carpet makers incorporated into Gobelins.

Sèvres. 1756-. Royal French porcelain makers.

Southampton. 4th earl. 1606-67. Royalist adviser, treasurer 1660-7.

Strathcona and Mount Royal, First Baron. 1820-1914. Canadian statesman key to Canadian Pacific Railway; drove last spike.

Suger. 1081-1151. French Abbot of St-Denis, royal adviser. Rebuilt abbey, initiating Gothic style.

Tirpitz, Alfred von. 1849-1930. German naval minister 1897-1916. Built fleet to rival Royal Navy.

Tory. Term (Irish = outlaw) applied 1679 to Duke of York supporters. English Royalist political party 1690-1830, refounded as Conservative Party 1833. In US: =colonists loyal to Britain during American Revolution.

Ultraroyalists. 19C. French advocates of increased powers for Louis XVIII.

Vendée, Wars. French Royalist uprisings of 1793,4,9, 1815,32.

Winchester. 972 First royal standard units of measure.

Windsor. 1917-. Surname of British royal family, replacing Wettin, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in WWI.

Windsor Castle. British royal residence since 9C.

Winterhalter, Franz-Xaver. 1805-73. German royal portrait painter. Empress Eugénie 1854.

Wood, John. 1704-54. English Palladian architect: Royal Crescent, Bath 1767.

Worcester, Battle. 1651. Cromwell defeats Royalists. Last revolt after English Civil War.

Zuccarelli, Francesco. 1702-88. Italian landscape artist. Influenced English. Florentine Royal Academy 1768.

Abdul Rahman, Tunku. 1903-90. First Prime Minister of independent Malaya 1957-70. United Malay, Chinese, Indian factions.

Abjuration, Act. 1581. Dutch declaration of independence from Spain. Republic 1588.

Abolition Act. 1833. Ends slavery in British Empire.

Abstract Art. 20C. Color, line and form without subject. Begun by Cezanne.

Abstract Expressionism. 1940s New York style of Pollock, Rothko. Spontaneous expression, free of traditional values. Expressionism.

Acta. 59BC-330. Minutes of Roman public business, published daily.

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