Royal Titles Act. 1876. Declared Victoria Empress of India.

Rupert, Prince. 1619-82. Royalist commander in English Civil War. First President of Hudson’s Bay Co.

Salic Law. 6C penal code issued by Clovis. Incorrectly cited 14-19C to limit royal succession to males; Spain by Philip V, 1713. Victoria. Isabella II.

Savonnerie. 1604-1826. Royal French carpet makers incorporated into Gobelins.

Sèvres. 1756-. Royal French porcelain makers.

Southampton. 4th earl. 1606-67. Royalist adviser, treasurer 1660-7.

Strathcona and Mount Royal, First Baron. 1820-1914. Canadian statesman key to Canadian Pacific Railway; drove last spike.

Suger. 1081-1151. French Abbot of St-Denis, royal adviser. Rebuilt abbey, initiating Gothic style.

Tirpitz, Alfred von. 1849-1930. German naval minister 1897-1916. Built fleet to rival Royal Navy.

Tory. Term (Irish = outlaw) applied 1679 to Duke of York supporters. English Royalist political party 1690-1830, refounded as Conservative Party 1833. In US: =colonists loyal to Britain during American Revolution.

Ultraroyalists. 19C. French advocates of increased powers for Louis XVIII.

Vendée, Wars. French Royalist uprisings of 1793,4,9, 1815,32.

Winchester. 972 First royal standard units of measure.

Windsor. 1917-. Surname of British royal family, replacing Wettin, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in WWI.

Windsor Castle. British royal residence since 9C.

Winterhalter, Franz-Xaver. 1805-73. German royal portrait painter. Empress Eugénie 1854.

Wood, John. 1704-54. English Palladian architect: Royal Crescent, Bath 1767.

Worcester, Battle. 1651. Cromwell defeats Royalists. Last revolt after English Civil War.

Zuccarelli, Francesco. 1702-88. Italian landscape artist. Influenced English. Florentine Royal Academy 1768.

Hospitallers, Knights. 11C-. Order of St. John. First devoted to aid of pilgrims to Holy Land. Prominent in crusades. Bought Rhodes 1309. Expelled by Ottomans, 1522. Given Malta by Charles V, 1530. Expelled by Napoleon, 1798. = Knights of Malta.

John, Order of St. = Hospitallers.

Knights of St John. Hospitallers.

Malta. c800BC Phoenecia...Carthage. 218BC Rome. 5C Vandal/ Goth. 6C Byzantine. 870 Arab. 1090 Sicily. 1530 Knights of St. John. 1798 French. 1814 British. 1964 Indepependent. 1974 Republic. Population awarded George Cross 1942.

Malta, Knights of. 1530-1798. Knights of St. John.

Rhodes. <1000BC Minoan. Dorian. 5C BC Delian League. 43BC Rome alliance. 653 Saracen. 1309 Knights of St John. 1522 Turks. 1912 Italy. 1947 Greece. c1C BC School of rhetoric.