Lysenko, Trofim. 1898-1976. Russian biologist. Forced outdated Lamarck genetics on Agriculture Academy holding back Russian progress.

Murillo, Bartolomé. 1617-82. Spanish artist. Immaculate Conception 1652. Vision of St Antony 1656. Founded Seville Academy 1600.

Plato. c428-347BC. Greek philosopher, disciple of Socrates’ Dialogs. Free-will. Republic. “There exist absolute truths. Mind imprints its idea on matter. Mind has always existed and seeks to free itself from matter and return to God.” Founded Academy c387. Symposium c384. Apologia c399. Quest for good will lead to harmony in the world.

Salon des Refusés. 1863. Paris exhibition of paintings by Cezanne, Manet, Whistler refused by Academy. Déjeuner sur l’herbe.

Speusippus. -339BC. Led Athens Academy after Plato. First Encyclopedia.

Swedish Academy. 1786. Awards Nobel Literature prizes.

Xenocrates. 394-314BC. Greek philosopher. Head of Plato’s Academy.

Ambrose, St. c340-397. Bishop of Milan. Introduced Plainsong (chant) into church music.

Angelico, Fra. c1400-55. Florentine classical colorist painter: Convent of St. Mark. Madonna and Angel Musicians 1433.

Apollo. Greek/Roman perfection of male beauty, god of prophecy, song and music.

Bach, Johann Sebastian. 1685-1750. German composer of fugues and chorales. Peak of polyphonic music. Brandenburg Concerto 1721. Well Tempered Clavier. Art of Fugue 1749.

Balakirev, Mili. 1837-1910. Russian composer. Influenced 19C Russian music. Overture on Russian Themes 1897.

Baroque Art. 1600-1750. Orig in Italy, spread across W. Europe. Architecture: Ornate style characterized by stucco, frescoes, rood screens. Vanbrugh. Bernini’s Barberini Palace. Music: Counterpoint vs Renaissance polyphony. Opera, cantata. Bach. Monteverdi. Vivaldi. Painting: Dynamic, emotional. Caravaggio. Reni. Rubens.Van Dyck. Rococo.

Bartók, Bela. 1881-1945. Modern Hungarian Nationalist composer. Bridged Hungarian folk to Western music.

Beethoven, Ludwig van. 1770-1827. German composer expressing emotions in music. Tone poet. Developed form and structure. “The Shakespeare of music”. 9 Symphonies. Eroica 1804. 5th 1807. 9th 1824.

Benten. Japanese god of reasoning. Patron of literature, music, femininity.

Bruckner, Anton. 1824-96. Austrian Classical Romantic composer of symphonies, masses. Romantic Symphony 1874.

Burgundian. Dominant European musical school in 15C. Dufay.

Caccini, Giulio. 1550-1618. Italian composer. Monodic music, early operas.

Cage, John. 1912-92. Father of US avant-garde musical movement. Experiments with randomness and new sounds.

Carrillo, Julian. 1875-1965. Mexican composer of microtonic music.

Cavaliere, Emilio del. c1550-1602. Added arias and choral movements to cantatas. Early dramatic music.

Cecilia, St. 2-3C. Patron saint of music.

Cherubini, Luigi. 1760-1842. Italian/French composer. Classical form; French opera.

Classical Music. ~1750-1820. Development of sonata, symphony, string quartet. Mozart. Beethoven. Haydn.

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