Rainaldi, Girolamo. 1570-1655. Hungarian architect. Brought Mannerism to Rome.

Ramillies, Battle. 1706. Churchill wins most of Belgium for Britain from France.

Rationalism. All truth can be arrived at through thought alone. vs Empiricism. Descartes. Spinoza.

Rotten Boroughs. -1832. British rural constituencies with few voters due to urban migration. Reform Bill.

Slavery. Babylon. Egypt. Greece. Rome. European colonies 1440s-19C. 1502 First blacks shipped to America. 1562- Trade. 1807 abolished in Britain, 1833 throughout Empire. 1816 Morocco abolished Christian slaves. 1851 Colombia, 1861 USA, 1930 Liberia. 2001 27M slaves in Mauritania, Sudan, Asia, Brazil.

Socialism. 19C-. Movement opposing Liberalism, Capitalism. Advocates equal rights, just distribution of property, well-being of proletariat through reform or revolution. Utopia.

Surinam. 1499 Spain discovers. 1651 British settle. 1667 =Dutch Guiana. 1680s Slaves brought 1948 = Surinam. 1975 Independent.

Symplegades. Cyanean Rocks. Cliffs at entrance to Black Sea. Crushed ships until Jason and Argonauts slipped through.

Taoism. 6C BC Chinese philosophy. Lao-tzu wrote Tao-te-Ching. Natural course is through passivity, elimination of desire.

Taylor, Zachary. 1784-1850. US Mexican War hero. President 1849-. “Old Rough and Ready”. Last slave owning- president.

Theocracy. Government by God through clergy.

Theosophy. 1875- Revival of ancient mystical philosophy. Salvation through direct knowledge of God. Blavatsky. Besant.

Tweed, William. 1823-78. NY city “boss” controlled patronage through Tammany Society. Exposed by NY Times.

US Virgin Is. Carib, Arawak. 1493 Columbus discovers. 1666 Denmark. 1673- Slaves brought. 1917 US purchase for $25M.

Virginia. Algonkian, Sioux, Iroquoia. 1587 British settle Roanoke Colony. 1607 First successful colony. 1619 Slaves brought. 1776 Independent. USA.

Westminster, Provisions of. 1259. Reenacted as Marlborough Statute 1267. Forced on Henry III by barons, limiting power. Barons War.

Synge, John. 1871-1909. Irish poet, dramatist. Riders to the Sea 1904. Playboy of the Western World 1907.