Petit Palais. Built for 1900 World Exhibition. Paris Museum of Fine Arts.

Phidias. c490-430BC. Greek sculptor. Parthenon frieze. 42 foot gold and ivory statue of Zeus at Olympia. 7 Wonders.

Philip II. 1165-1223. French Capetian king 1179-. 3rd Crusade. Conquered Flanders. Doubled France. Fought Richard the Lion Heart for Angevin Empire.

Philippe de Champagne. Cartoonist 1631. Windows of St-Eustache.

Philippine Sea, Battle. 1944. Major US victory over Japanese. Philippines reconquered. MacArthur.

Philippines. 1521 Magellan discovers. 1565 Spanish conquer. 1762-64 British occupy. 1898 US. 1935 Commonwealth. 1941-11 Japan occupies. 1946 Republic. 1973 Marcos dictator. 1986 Democracy. MacArthur.

Phoenicians. Canaanites. 30-4C BC. Eastern Mediterranean traders from England to Africa. 20C BC Tyre. 15C BC invented alphabet. 814BC Carthage.

Picard, Jean. 1620-82. French astronomer. Founded Paris Observatory. Computed size of earth.

Picquart, Georges. 1854-1914. French general imprisoned for defense of Dreyfus.

Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto. 1915-. Chilean President 1973-90. Coup vs Allende. Brutal dictatorship, torture and disappearances. Charged 1998.

Pinter, Harold. 1930-. English playwright. Birthday Party 1958. Caretaker 1960.

Pinzón, Martín. c1441-93. Commanded Columbus’ Pinta.

Pissarro, Camille. 1830-1903. French Impressionist painter of street scenes. Boulevard Montmartre 1897.

Pitt, William, the Younger. 1759-1806. English foe of Napoleon. Tory Prime Minister 1783~. Laissez-faire. Repressive measures 1793-1800.

Pius VII. 1742-1823. Pope 1800-. Excommunicated Napoleon after French annexed Papal States. Imprisoned 1809-14.

Plaid Cymru. 1925-. Welsh party seeks Dominion status.

Plain. Moderate party in French Revolution. Montagnards.

Pointilism. 1880. Style of dotted art invented by Seurat. Neo-Impressionism.

Poitiers, Battle. 732. Charles Martel halts invasion, saving Europe from Moslem rule. 1356. Edward the Black Prince defeats and captures John II. Brétigny Treaty.

Poland. c2000BC Slavs settle. 9C Tribes unite. 966 =Poland. Mieszko I. 1038 Piast dynasty. 1386 +Lithuania. 1572- Kings elected, weak. 1772,93,95. Partitioned by Russia(E), Austria(SW), Prussia(NW). 1815 Congress Kingdom (Russia). 1918 Independent republic. 1926 Dictatorship. 1939 Germany/Russia occupy. 1941 Germany. 1945 Independent. 1947 Communist. 1952 People’s Republic. 1989 Free elections. Solidarity.

Poland, Partitions of. 1772 Russia, Prussia, Austria take a third each. 1793 Russia, Prussia invade to restore conservative rule. 1795 After revolt, Austria, Prussia, Russia. divide remainder.

Politburo. 1917~. Soviet governing body, arm of Communist Party. Abolished by Stalin 1952-66.

Pollaiuolo, Antonio del. 1431/2-98. Florentine bronze sculptor, painter. Pioneered dissection in anatomy. Hercules and Antaeus 1470s. Martyrdom of St. Sebastian 1475.

Pombal, Marquês de. 1699-1782. Portuguese. Led reconstruction after 1755 Lisbon earthquake.

Pompidou Centre. Beaubourg. 1972-7. Architects: Rogers and Piano. Paris modernistic art and activity center.

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