Nemirovich-Danchenko, Vladimir. 1858-1943. Russian author/director. Founded Moscow Art Theater with Stanislavsky.

Neoclassical. 17-18C. French-originated revival of classical order of arts, architecture. Order, balance, simplicity. Poussin. David. Molière. Adam. 1920-. Music based on 18C style + popular taste. Milhaud. Stravinsky. Les Six.

Neumann, Balthasar. 1687-1753. German Baroque architect. Residenz in Würzburg 1719-44.

Neuve-Chapelle, Battle. 1915. Failed WWI artillery attack by British on Western Front.

New Brunswick. Micmac. 1534 Cartier discovers. 1604 French settle. 1713 British. 1867 Canada.

New Guinea. 1512 Portugal discovers. 1828 Netherlands(W). 1884 Dutch/British(SE)/German(NE). 1906 British part(SE) to Australia. 1921 League of Nations Australian mandate(NE). 1945 Mandate +Papua. 1963 Dutch part(W) to Indonesia. 1975 Papua New Guinea.

New Hebrides. Melanesians, Polynesians. 1606 de Quiros discovers. 1768 Bougainville rediscovers. 1774 Cook charts. 1887 Joint French/English admin. 1980 -Vanuatu.

Ney, Michel. 1769-1815. Marshal under Napoleon. Shot after second Restoration. “Bravest of the brave”-Napoleon.

Niemöller, Martin. 1892-1984. German theologian. Opposed Nazis.

Ninety-five Theses. 1517. Document Luther nailed to Wittenburg church door. Began Reformation.

Nobel Prize. Nobel legacy funded. Peace Prize and prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature. 1969 +Economics. . Declined: Le Duc Tho, Pasternak, Sartre.

Nostradamus. 1503-66. French astrologer. Prophesied Napoleon and Hitler.

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. 1963. US, UK, USSR, + 100 signatories. No atmospheric, underwater, or space tests. France, China decline, continue testing.

O’Connor, Feargus. 1796-1855. Irish/English Chartist.

Octobrists. 1905-17. Russian party seeking enactment of October Manifesto.

O’Keefe, Georgia. 1887-1986. US semi-abstract artist.

Oldenburg, Claes. 1929-. Swedish/US Pop art sculptor.

Olympics, Modern. 1896 Athens. 1900 Paris. 1904 St. Louis. 1908 London. 1912 Stockholm. 1920 Antwerp. Summer: 1924 Paris. 1928 Amsterdam. 1932 Los Angeles. 1936 Berlin. 1948 London. 1952 Helsinki. 1956 Melbourne. 1960 Rome. 1964 Tokyo. 1968 Mexico City. 1972 Munich. 1976 Montreal. 1980 Moscow. 1984 Los Angeles. 1988 Seoul. 1992 Barcelona. 1996 Atlanta. 2000 Sydney. 2004 Athens. 2008 Beijing. Winter: 1924 Chamonix. 1928 St Moritz. 1932 Lake Placid. 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen. 1948 St Moritz. 1952 Oslo. 1956 Cortina d’Ampezzo. 1960 Squaw Valley. 1964 Innsbruck. 1968 Grenoble 1972 Sapporo. 1976 Innsbruck. 1980 Lake Placid. 1984 Sarajevo. 1988 Calgary. 1992 Albertville. 1994 Lillehammer. 1998 Nagano. 2002 Salt Lake City. 2006 Torino. Olympia.

Op art. 20C style incorporating optical illusion of movement. Vasarely. Riley.

OPEC. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. 1961- International cartel sets prices by controlling supply. Created oil shortage 1973.

Orléanists. 1830-48. French supporters of Louis-Philippe vs republicans and Bonapartists.

Ormonde, Duke of. 1610-88. Irish Stuart supporter during Civil War.

Ovid. 43BC-17 AD. Roman poet: Art of Love. Tristia. Metamorphoses.

Oxford University. 1115. Celebrated center of English learning. Charter 1214. Modelled on University of Paris.

Pachero, Francisco. 1564-1654. Spanish writer, artist. Arte de la pintura 1649. Taught Velazquez, Cano.

323 more results ...