Catalonia. Iberians. Colonized by Phoenicia, Greece, Carthage. c200BC Rome. 5C Goths. 712 Moors. c788 Charlemagne. 1137 +Aragon. 1932 Autonomous. 1939 Spain.

Catherine, St. 4C. Virgin martyred on the wheel in Alexandria.

Catherine de Medici. 1519-89. Wife of Henry II, mother of 3 French kings, built Tuileries Palace. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Cato St. Conspiracy. 1820. Thistlewood plot to assassinate cabinet ministers.

Catolacus. 1C Roman settlement in Paris quarter of St-Denis.

Catulus, Gaius. 3C BC. Roman General. Defeated Carthage. Ended First Punic War.

Cavalier Party. 1660-88. Royalists. Became Tory.

Cavaliers. Royalist partisans in English Civil War.

CCF. 1932. Cooperative Commonwealth Federation. Canadian Socialist party. 1961 =New Democratic Party.

Central Committee. Governing body of USSR Communist Party.

Centre Party. 1871-1933. German Roman Catholic political party.

Charles IV, the Fair. 1294-1328. King of France 1322-, and Navarre. Won part of Aquitaine from England. Last Capetian.

Charles V, the Wise. 1338-80. King of France 1364-. New rampart around Paris.

Charles IX. 1550-74. King of France 1560-. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Charles Martel. The Hammer. 685-741. Unified Franks. Poitiers victory. Charlemagne’s grandfather.

Charlie, Bonnie Prince. 1720-88. Scottish Stuart pretender to the English throne. Unsuccessful revolt 1745. Exiled.

Charter. 1814-1830. French Constitution: Constitutional Monarchy, civil liberties, religious toleration.

Charter to the Nobility. 1785. Rights and prerogatives of Russian nobility.

Chartists. 1836-58. British workers’ reform movement. Petitions 1838,40,48 for universal male suffrage, ballot vote led to riots 1839. Lovett.

Chartreuse. 1084. Isère, French first Carthusian monastery.

Chase, Salmon. 1808-73. US. Founded Republican Party. National banking system.

Chassériau, Théodore.1819-56. French portrait artist.

Chaykovsky, Nikolai. 1850-1926. Russian Socialist. Opposed Bolsheviks. Led counterrevolutionary government 1918-20.

Chicherin, Georgi. 1872-1936. Russian diplomat. Won recognition for Communist government.

Chile. Inca/Araucanian. 1520 Magellan discovers. 1540 Spain. 1818 Independent. 1884 +War of Pacific. O’Higgins. Pinochet.

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