Little Entente. 1920-38. Economic, defensive alliance of Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia.

Livius Andronicus. c284-204BC. Roman epic poet. Translated Greek plays, Odyssey.

Livy. c59BC-17 AD. Roman historian. 142 volume Annals of Rome 29BC-.

Lombard League. 1167-1250. N Italy united vs HRE.

Louis IV. c1283-1347. German king 1314-. Holy Roman Emperor, 1328-. German electors overrule Pope to make him Emperor.

Lucan. 39-65. Roman poet. Conspired vs Nero. Bellum Civile.

Lucretius. 99-55BC. Roman poet: De rerum natura, advocating moral truth without religious belief.

Luna. Roman moon goddess, = Selene.

Lusitania. Roman province ≈Portugal + west Spain.

Luxembourg. 1C BC Rome. 459 Franks. 963 Independent county «Holy Roman Empire. 1354 Duchy. 1443 Burgundy. 1472~1795 Hapsburg. 1555 Spanish. 1684 French. 1697 Spanish. 1714 Austrian. 1795 French. 1815 Dutch «German Confederation. 1839 Belgian(W)/Autonomous. 1867 Independent neutral. 1914-18, 1940-44 German occupation. 1948 Neutrality ends.

Macedonian Wars. 214~148BC. 4 Wars vs Rome reduced Macedonia to Roman province.

Mahler, Gustav. 1860-1911. Austrian classical Romantic symphony composer. Bridged gap between Romantics and atonalists. Resurrection Symphony 1894.

Majorian. -461. W Roman Emperor 457-. Tax reform. Murdered.

Manlius Capitolinus. -384BC. Roman Consul. Geese awaken...Gaul attack repulsed, 390BC.

Marcellus, Marcus. c268-208BC. Roman consul. Conquered Syracuse 212BC. “The Sword of Rome”.

Marcus Aurelius. 121-180. Roman Emperor 161-. Stoic philosopher. Meditations. Repelled invasions. Persecuted Christians.

Maronite. Syrian Roman Catholic Church. 7C Settled Lebanon. 1182- Under Vatican. 1860 Druze massacre Maronites. 1920 Lebanon. Phalangists.

Mars. Roman god of war. = Greek Ares.

Martial, Marcus. c40-103. Roman epigrammatic poet.

Mary. Virgin mother of Jesus. Free from Original Sin. Most important Roman Catholic saint.

Mary I. Bloody Mary. 1516-58. Tudor queen of England 1553-. Married Philip II of Spain. Reinstated Roman Catholicism 1555. Persecuted Protestants. Lost Calais.

Matthias. 1557-1619. Holy Roman Emperor 1612-. Catholic Revival led to Thirty Years War.

Mauriac, François. 1885-1970. French Roman Catholic author of sombre novels. Thérèse 1927.

Melchites. 451-. Middle Eastern Roman Catholic sect with rites in Arabic, affirming Christ’s dual human/divine nature.

Mendelssohn-(Bartholdy), Felix. 1809-47. German Classical Romantic melodic composer. Hebrides 1829.

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