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734 matches to Roman Republic
Hudson River. 1825-75. US Romantic landscape painting school.
Hugo, Victor. 1802-85. French Romantic poet/writer. Notre Dame 1831. Les Misérables 1862. Exiled 1852-70.
Hussite Wars. 1415-36. Huss followers vs HRE for religious reform and Bohemian nationalism. Utraquists.
Iceni. PreRoman British peoples in East Anglia. 60 Boadicia revolted vs Rome.
Idealism, German. 18C. Pre-Romantic movement.
Ignatius of Antioch, St. -c107. Syrian martyr. Clarified Catholic beliefs. -“Catholic Church”.
Ignatius of Constantinople, St. c799-877. Greek Catholic Iconophile.
Illyrian Wars. 229BC~219BC. Romans defeat Illyrian pirates. Greeks recognize Romans as civilized, admit them to games.
Immaculate Conception. 1854. Established as RC dogma.
Index Expurgatorius. 1601- Vatican list of books to be expurgated.
Index Librorum Prohibitorium. 1564-1966. Vatican list of prohibited reading.
Infallibility, Papal. 1870. Pope cannot err on matters of faith, morals. Approved by first Vatican Council after heated debate.
Inquisition. Group of tribunals dedicated to routing out heresy. Papal. 1231-18C. Formalized by Gregory IX. Torture to obtain confession authorized by Innocent IV 1252. Roman. 1542-1908. RC church vs Protestantism. Galileo. Spanish. 1478-1834. Formed by Isabella and Ferdinand to persecute Jews and Moslems. Torquemada. Auto-da-fé.
Investiture Controversy. 1075-1122. Gregory VII abolished Holy Roman Emperor’s power to invest bishops. Led to war with Henry IV. Concordat of Worms.
Ionesco, Eugène. 1912-94. Romanian/French dramatist of Absurd. Bald Prima Donna 1950. Rhinoceros 1959.
Iron Guard. 1924-41. Romanian anti-semite fascist party.
Italian Wars. 1494-1559. Spain, HRE defeat France for control of Italy.
James V. 1512-42. Catholic king of Scotland, 1513-. Allied with France vs Henry VIII.
Janus. Roman god with two faces to guard doorways, beginnings and endings.
Jean de Meung. 1240-1305. French poet. Roman de la Rose 1280.
Jewish Revolts. vs Romans. 66-73: Failed, Temple destroyed. 132-5: Suppressed by Hadrian. Jews banished from Jerusalem.
Joseph I. 1678-1711. Holy Roman Emperor 1705-. Supported Charles VI vs France in War of Spanish Succession.
Joseph II. 1741-90. Holy Roman Emperor, 1765-. Enlightened despot. Edict of Tolerance. Dominated by mother, Maria Theresa -1780.
Julian the Apostate. 331-63. Roman Emperor 361-. Proclaimed religious toleration. Attempted to make Paganism the state religion.