Goncalves Dias, Antonio. 1823-64. Romantic “National” poet of Brazil.

Good Emperors. 96-169. Romans, Nerva to Verus.

Gracchus, Tiberius. c163-133BC. Roman tribune 133, reformer. Killed in riot. Scipio.

Grand Alliance, War of. 1689-97. Spain, Sweden, England, Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands vs French expansionism. Negotiated Peace. King William’s War. Namur. Augsburg League.

Gypsies. 16C-. Nomadic peoples with Romany language. Probable Indian origin.

Hadrian. 76-138. Roman Emperor 117-. Built wall across England 122-36, Aelius Bridge 134. Rebuilt Greek cities.

Hapsburg. Dynasty ruled Austria 1278-1918, Spain 1516-1700, Holy Roman Empire 1273-1806, Netherlands. 1712-97, Hungary 1526~1918.

Helvetia. Roman name for Switzerland.

Henry IV. 1050-1106. Holy Roman Emperor, 1056-. Civil War. Struggles with Gregory VII led to excommunication. Worms Synod. Clement III.

Henry V. 1086-1125. German king 1106-, Holy Roman Emperor 1111-. Imprisoned pope 1111, ending investiture controversy. Concordat of Worms.

Heraclea. 280BC. “Pyrrhic” victory over Romans.

Herculano, Alexandre. 1810-77. Portuguese Romantic poet.

Hercules. Roman hero = Greek Heracles.

Hercules, Tower of. Roman lighthouse in Spain, still in use.

Herder, Johann von. 1744-1803. German Sturm and Drang Nationalist writer. Stimulated Romanticism.

Herodes Atticus. c101-177. Greek/Roman orator, banker. Gave major buildings to Athens.

Hispania. Roman for Spain and Portugal.

Hohenstaufen. German dynasty. Ruled Holy Roman Empire 1138-1254. Welfs.

Hohenzollern. German family which ruled Prussia 1415-1918, united Germany 1871-1918. Kings of Romania 1866-1947.

Hölderlin, Friedrich. 1770-1843. German classic Romantic poet. Elegies 1800.

Holy Roman Empire. 962-1806. Germanic Empire with elected king. Successor to Western Roman Empire. Geographically: Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Austria; most of Italy, Bohemia; part of France. Hapsburg. Austrian Empire.

Honorius Flavius. 384-423. Roman Emperor of the West 393-. Rome sacked by Visigoths 410.

Horace. 65-8BC. Roman poet: Odes, Satires.

Horatio. Roman hero. Stood alone vs Etruscan army.

Housman, A.E. 1859-1936. English poet: Shropshire Lad 1896. Romanatic pessimism.

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