Jewish Revolts. vs Romans. 66-73: Failed, Temple destroyed. 132-5: Suppressed by Hadrian. Jews banished from Jerusalem.

Joseph I. 1678-1711. Holy Roman Emperor 1705-. Supported Charles VI vs France in War of Spanish Succession.

Joseph II. 1741-90. Holy Roman Emperor, 1765-. Enlightened despot. Edict of Tolerance. Dominated by mother, Maria Theresa -1780.

Julian the Apostate. 331-63. Roman Emperor 361-. Proclaimed religious toleration. Attempted to make Paganism the state religion.

Juno. Roman goddess of women and marriage. = Hera. Frigg.

Jupiter. (Jove). Roman chief god. = Zeus.

Justinian. 483-565. Eastern Roman Emperor, conquered Africa and Italy. Codified Roman law 529. Closed all non-Christian schools, beginning Dark Ages. Nika Riot. Corpus Juris Civilis. Hagia Sophia. Digest 553. Ulpian.

Juvenal. c60-127. Romanic stoic poet: Satires.

Kant, Immanuel. 1724-1804. German Romantic philosopher. Free-will. Inherent moral nature implies “Transcendental” world of freedom. Although the mind builds internal maps of sensory perceptions, we do not know what the world is really like. -“moral imperative = human diginity”. On Heaven 1755. Critique of Pure Reason 1781. Critique of Practical Reason 1788. Critique of Judgement.

Keats, John. 1795-1821. English Romantic sensuous lyric poet: Odes 1819, Isabella.

Knights of Columbus. 1882-. US RC men’s lay organization.

Kulturkampf. c1871-87. Bismarck tries to control Roman Catholic Church. Accomodation reached.

Labienus, Quintus. -39BC. Roman general. Defeated Parisii, 52BC.

Lamartine, Alphonse de. 1790-1869. French Romantic poet. Méditations Poétiques 1820.

Lammenais, Félicité de. 1782-1854. French RC priest. Liberal writer influenced Christian Democrats. Paroles d’un Croyant 1833.

Lares. Roman gods of households and fields.

Lateran Councils. Roman Catholic church councils. 1123,39 vs Schism of Arnold of Brescia. 1179 Crusade vs Albigens. 1215 Crusade. 1512-17 Reform.

Latins. Latium tribe. Includes Romans.

LeBougre, Robert. First Inquisitor of HRE, appointed by Gregory IX 1231.

Legion. Roman army unit of 4-6,000 men.

Leisler’s Rebellon. 1689-91. NY vs Catholic officials.

Leo III, St. -816. Pope 795-. Crowned Charlemagne recreating Western Roman Empire.

Leopold II. 1747-92. Holy Roman Emperor 1790-. “Enlightened despot”. Liberal reforms. Declaration of Pillnitz for absolutism.

Lepidus, Marcus. -13BC. Roman triumvir with Antony, Octavian 43-36BC. Failed revolt vs Octavian, 36BC.

Lepidus, Marcus. -c77BC. Roman consul. Opposed Sulla’s reforms, 78. Defeated by Pompey in Etruria.

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