Kulturkampf. c1871-87. Bismarck tries to control Roman Catholic Church. Accomodation reached.

Kuomintang. KMT. 1911-49. Chinese nationalist party in power 1928-49. Founded by Sun Yat-sen. Overthrew Manchu dynasty. Expelled to Taiwan by Communist Party. Chiang Kai-shek.

LaBarre, Jean. 1747-66. French nobleman, beheaded for mutilating a crucifix.

Labienus, Quintus. -39BC. Roman general. Defeated Parisii, 52BC.

Ladislaus III. 1424-44. Polish King 1434-. Ladislaus V of Hungary 1440-. Led 2 crusades vs Turks.

LaHire. 1390-1443. French commander with Joan of Arc.

Lamartine, Alphonse de. 1790-1869. French Romantic poet. Méditations Poétiques 1820.

Lammenais, Félicité de. 1782-1854. French RC priest. Liberal writer influenced Christian Democrats. Paroles d’un Croyant 1833.

Lance. 1927 Abolished by British army. 1939 used by Polish cavalry vs German tanks.

Langhans, Carl. 1732-1808. German architect. Brandenburg Gate 1789.

Langland, William. 1330-1400. English Christian allegorical poet. Piers Ploughman 1362.

Lansdowne, Henry. 1845-1927. British statesman. Governor General of Canada, India. Secretary of War 1895-1900.

Lares. Roman gods of households and fields.

Lassalle, Ferdinand. 1825-64. German Socialist. 1848 Revolutionary Movement.

Lateran Councils. Roman Catholic church councils. 1123,39 vs Schism of Arnold of Brescia. 1179 Crusade vs Albigens. 1215 Crusade. 1512-17 Reform.

Latimer, Hugh. 1485-1555. English Protestant Reformation churchman. Executed by Mary I.

Latins. Latium tribe. Includes Romans.

La Trémoille, Georges de. 1382-1446. French nobleman. Obstructed Joan of Arc.

Latvia. 9C Varangian. 1158 Teutonic Knights. 1561 Poland(S). 1629 Sweden(N). 1721 Russian(N)...1795 Russian(all). 1918 Independent republic. 1934 Ulmanis dictator. 1940 USSR. 1941-45 German occupation. 1991 Independent.

Lauderdale, John. 1616-82. Scottish statesman. Cabal Ministry. Repressive rule of Scotland.

Lausanne, Treaty. 1912. Turkey cedes Tripoli to Italy after Italo-Turkish War. 1932. Ended German WWI reparations despite US rejection.

Lawrence, James. 1781-1813. US naval commander in War of 1812. -“Don’t give up the ship!”

League of 3 Emperors. 1872. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia for defence vs France.

League of Nations. 1920-46. Versailles. For everlasting peace. Idea of US, who did not join. Germany 1926-33. Maximum 63 nations. Failed 1931 when Japan attacked Manchuria. USSR expelled1939. Dissolved 1946. Mandates.

Leakey, Louis. 1903-72. British anthropological archeologist. With wife Mary, discovered homo habilis and other ancient humanoid fossils.

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