Hussite Wars. 1415-36. Huss followers vs HRE for religious reform and Bohemian nationalism. Utraquists.

Hyde, Edward. 1609-74. English statesman, historian. Supported Charles II.

Hydra. Many-headed water serpent killed by Hercules.

Ibn Tumart. c1080-1130. Berber leader. Demanded moral reform. Founded Almohad Confederation.

Iceni. PreRoman British peoples in East Anglia. 60 Boadicia revolted vs Rome.

Idealism, German. 18C. Pre-Romantic movement.

Ignatius of Antioch, St. -c107. Syrian martyr. Clarified Catholic beliefs. -“Catholic Church”.

Ignatius of Constantinople, St. c799-877. Greek Catholic Iconophile.

Illyrian Wars. 229BC~219BC. Romans defeat Illyrian pirates. Greeks recognize Romans as civilized, admit them to games.

Immaculate Conception. 1854. Established as RC dogma.

Impressionism. 1867-86. European art movement named 1874 for Monet’s Impression Sunrise. Direct from nature with colors to render surfaces and lighting effects. Rejected primacy of subject. Renoir, Pissarro, Degas, Cezanne, Manet. Music: 1892-1910. Restraint and ambiguity. Mood music. Debussy.

Index Expurgatorius. 1601- Vatican list of books to be expurgated.

Index Librorum Prohibitorium. 1564-1966. Vatican list of prohibited reading.

Industrial Revolution. 1730-. Transformation from agricultural to urbanized manufacturing economy as a result of steam power. 1830 England, France. 1850 Germany. 1860 USA. Blanqui. Toynbee.

Infallibility, Papal. 1870. Pope cannot err on matters of faith, morals. Approved by first Vatican Council after heated debate.

Inkerman, Battle. 1854. Crimean War defeat of Russians by English and French.

Inquisition. Group of tribunals dedicated to routing out heresy. Papal. 1231-18C. Formalized by Gregory IX. Torture to obtain confession authorized by Innocent IV 1252. Roman. 1542-1908. RC church vs Protestantism. Galileo. Spanish. 1478-1834. Formed by Isabella and Ferdinand to persecute Jews and Moslems. Torquemada. Auto-da-fé.

Instruction. 1767. Catherine the Great’s proposal for liberal humanitarian legal reform.

Invalides. 1670-7. Louis XIV built to house 4,000 invalid soldiers. Architect: Bruant, dome by Mansart. Tomb of Napoleon.

Investiture Controversy. 1075-1122. Gregory VII abolished Holy Roman Emperor’s power to invest bishops. Led to war with Henry IV. Concordat of Worms.

Ionesco, Eugène. 1912-94. Romanian/French dramatist of Absurd. Bald Prima Donna 1950. Rhinoceros 1959.

Ionia. 1000BC Greeks colonize. 546BC Cyrus. 479 Independent. 334 Alexander. 133BC Rome. 15C Ottomans destroyed cities.

Ionian School. 6C BC. Greek philosophers. Thales. Araximanedes. Diogenes. Explained phenomena in terms of physical forces.

Iraq. Mesopotamia. 1920 British mandate. 1921 Kingdom = Iraq. 1932 Independent. 1958 Arab Federation 1958 Left-wing coup, Republic. 1963 Anti-Communist coup. 1979 Hussein dictator. 1990 Kuwait Invasion.

Ireland, William. 1777-1835. English forger of Shakespeare manuscripts 1796.

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