Hegel, G.W.F. 1770-1831. German Idealist philosopher: Dialectical Reasoning: thesis vs antithesis = synthesis. Dialectical Materialism. “Universe is evolving from first cause toward self awareness and freedom. In man, God becomes aware of Himself”. Phenomenology 1806. Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1817. Philosophy of History 1830.

Heidegger, Martin. 1889-1976. German Existentialist philosopher. Being and Time 1927.

Heine, Heinrich. 1797-1856. German lyric satirical Socialist poet. Young Germany. Lorelei. Atta Troll 1843-5.

Heinkel, Ernst. 1888-1958. German. First turbojet aircraft.

Heisenberg, Werner. 1901-76. German quantum physicist: Uncertainty Principle 1927.

Helgoland Bight, Battle. 1914. British defeat Germans in first WWI naval battle.

Hellman, Lillian. 1905-84. US playwright. Little Foxes 1939. Pentimiento 1973.

Helmholtz, Hermann. 1821-94. German physicist. Conservation of Energy.

Helvetia. Roman name for Switzerland.

Hemingway, Ernest. 1898-1961. US novelist: Fairwell to Arms 1929. For Whom the Bell Tolls 1940. Old Man and the Sea 1952. Style:“A stream with stones of nouns and a surface of prepositional ripples” -L. Morrow.

Henry I. 1069-1135. King of England 1100-. Regained Normandy for England 1106. Defined yard 1101.

Henry IV. 1050-1106. Holy Roman Emperor, 1056-. Civil War. Struggles with Gregory VII led to excommunication. Worms Synod. Clement III.

Henry V. 1086-1125. German king 1106-, Holy Roman Emperor 1111-. Imprisoned pope 1111, ending investiture controversy. Concordat of Worms.

Henze, Hans. 1926-. German/Italian composer. Combines German intellectualism with Italian lyricism. We Come to the River 1976.

Heraclea. 280BC. “Pyrrhic” victory over Romans.

Heracleitus. c540-480BC. Greek philosopher. ’The only permanent thing is change.’ Fire is basis of matter.

Herculano, Alexandre. 1810-77. Portuguese Romantic poet.

Hercules. Roman hero = Greek Heracles.

Hercules, Tower of. Roman lighthouse in Spain, still in use.

Herder, Johann von. 1744-1803. German Sturm and Drang Nationalist writer. Stimulated Romanticism.

Hermandad. 1250-1550. Castile-Aragon defensive alliance.

Herodes Atticus. c101-177. Greek/Roman orator, banker. Gave major buildings to Athens.

Herrera, Fernando de. 1534-97. Spanish Humanist poet.

Herschel, William. 1738-1822. German/English astronomer, discovered Uranus 1781.

Hertz, Heinrich. 1857-94. German physicist: electromagnetic waves.

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