Saxons. 5C. Germanic people colonized France, England. 8C Widerkind defeated by Charlemagne on continent.

Saxony. 843 «East Frankish Kingdom. 919-1024 Ruled HRE. 1180 Divided. 1697 Elector (King) of Poland. 1785 Fürstenbund. 1806 Napoleon creates Kingdom. 1815 Half to Prussia. 1815 German Confederation. 1835 Zollverein. 1867 North German Confederation. 1871 German Empire. 1918 Abolished monarchy. 1920 Republic. 1933 Germany.

Scaevola, Quintus. -82BC. Roman consul. Law limiting citizenship led to Social War.

Scandberg. 1404-68. Albanian prince, raised as hostage in Turkey. Led Albanians vs Turks 1444-66.

Scarron, Paul. 1610-60. French dramatist, novelist. Le Roman Comique 1651-9.

Schacht, Hjalmar. 1877-1970. German financier. Halted ruinous inflation 1923. President of Reichsbank 1929-39. Minister of Economy 1934-7.

Scheidemann, Philipp. 1865-1939. First chancellor of Weimar Republic 1918.

Scheidt, Samuel. 1587-1654. German Reformation organ composer.

Schein, Johann. 1586-1630. Reformation composer. Introduced Italian Baroque to German music.

Schelling, Friedrich. 1775-1854. German Idealist philosopher. -’artist is superior to thinker’.

Schema de Parvo. 1870. Roman Catholic catechism.

Schiller, Friedrich. 1759-1805. German Romantic writer of historical dramas and lyric poetry. Popularized William Tell 1804. -“inner direction” Wallenstein 1800.

Schirrman, Richard. 1874-1961. German originator of youth hostels.

Schlegel, August von. 1767-1854. German Romantic scholar, Shakespeare translator.

Schlegel, Friedrich von. 1772-1829. German Romantic critic.

Schleiermacher, Friedrich. 1768-1834. German Protestant theologian.

Schleswig-Holstein. S: 975 HRE. 1027 Denmark. H: 800 Saxony. 12C Schaumburg dynasty. 1386 + S. S-H: 1460 Denmark. 1848 Self-government. 1864 Prussia/Denmark. 1867 Prussia. 1920 Denmark(N)/ Germany(S)(most).

Schlick, Moritz. 1882-1936. German Logical Positivist philosopher. Led Vienna Circle.

Schlieffen Plan. 1905 German military strategy to conquer France. Failed in WWI but succeeded in WWII.

Schliemann, Heinrich. 1822-90. German amateur archeologist. Discovered Troy 1871, Mycenae 1875.

Schongauer, Martin. 1445/50-91. German Gothic engraver.

Schopenhauer, Arthur. 1788-1860. German pessimist Idealist philosopher. Will is superior to knowledge. World viewed as will and ideas. Every individual is a part of a Universal Will.

Schubert, Franz. 1797-1828. Austrian Romantic symphonic composer of lyrical beauty. Created German lieder. “The most poetic of musicians”-Liszt. A Minor Symphony 1822. Unfinished Symphony1822.

Schuman, Robert. 1886-1963. French Prime Minister 1947-8. 1950 plan to pool European resources led to EEC.

Schumann, Robert. 1810-56. German Romantic piano, choral composer. Lyrical works. Spring Symphony 1841. Rhenish Symphony 1850.

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