Saar. Former Palatinate. 1919 League of Nations mandate. 1935 Germany. 1945 French occupy. 1948 Autonomous. 1957 West Germany.

Sabellianism. 3C Christian heresy. Trinity is 3 manifestations of one Godhead.

Sabines. Ancient Italian tribe whose women were seized by Romans as wives (legend). 290BC Conquered.

Sachs, Hans. 1494-1576. German shoemaker/poet, composed songs of commonplace.

Sachs, Julius von. 1832-97. German discoverer of chlorophyll action.

Sachs, Nelly. 1891-1970. German poet, Jewish spokesperson.

Sallust. c86-34BC. Roman historian. Expelled from Senate for immorality. Catilina.

Salome. -72. Herod Antipas’ step-daughter, demanded and received John the Baptist’s head.

Salon des Refusés. 1863. Paris exhibition of paintings by Cezanne, Manet, Whistler refused by Academy. Déjeuner sur l’herbe.

Salonika Campaign. 1915-18. Allies take Serbia, Romania. Force Constantine I to abdicate.

Samanids. 819-999. Persian native dynasty. Flourishing of arts.

Samoa. Melanesians. 1722 Dutch explore. 1830 British settle. 1856 German trade. 1899 Germany(W)/ USA(E) becomes Western Samoa, American Samoa.

Samuel, Herbert. 1870-1963. British philosopher, statesman. Practical Ethics.

San Stefano, Treaty. 1878. Ended Russo-Turkish War. Independence for Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria. Congress of Berlin.

Sannazzaro, Jacopo. 1456-1530. Italian humanist, poet. Arcadia 1504.

Sansculottes. 1793-4. Radical French Revolutionaries. Demanded action of Convention vs counterrevolution. Terror.

Sardinia. 6C BC Carthage. 238BC Rome. 435 Vandal. 534 Byzantine Empire. 10C Saracen. 1016 Pisa. 1189 Hohenstaufen +Piedmont. 1326 Aragon. 1713 Austria. 1720 Savoy Kingdom. 1796 France. 1815 +Genoa. 1861 Italy. Sardinian Victor-Emmanuel became king of Italy.

Sark. 1040 Norman. 1066 English fief. 1565 colonized. 1940-45 Germans occupy.

Satan. Fallen angel later identified with Zoroastran Ahriman, the spirit of evil. Lucifer. Beelzebub.

Saturn. Roman god of agriculture and civilization. = Cronus. Saturnalia festival influenced Christmas.

Satyr. Greek mythical man-goat. Pan. Sileni.

Savigny, Friedrich von. 1779-1861. German jurist, historian of Roman and medieval law. Modern system of civil law.

Saxe, Maurice, comte de. 1696-1750. French commander, War of Austrian Succession.

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. German dynasty includes Belgian Leopold I 1831-; Albert, Prince-Consort, England. 1840-; Ferdinand, Prince-Consort, Portugal. 1836-; Prince of Bulgaria 1887-1946.

Saxon Dynasty. Kings of Germans 919-, Holy Roman Empire 962-1024.

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