Protagoras. c485-411BC. First Greek Sophist. “Man is the measure of all things”. “Truth is subjective to each person”. Exiled c415-.

Protectionism. Levying of import duties to make domestic production more competitive. 1337 England. 1870s Germany creates Depression. 1930 US deepens Depression. List. Smoot-Hawley.

Protestant Union. 1608-21. German princes vs reimposition of Catholicism.

Prussia. 1226 Teutonic Knights. 1466 «Poland. 1525 Duchy of Poland. c1660 Independent. 1701 Kingdom. 1772-95 +NW Poland. 1871 Dominated German Empire. 1919 Weimar(W)/ Poland(E). 1933 Germany(W). Bismarck.

Pufendorf, Samuel von. 1632-94. German historian/jurist. Universal natural laws.

P’u-i, Henry. 1906-67. Last Chinese Emperor. 1908-12. Japanese puppet Emperor of Manchukuo 1934-45. Interned by Soviets in Siberia 1945-50. Reeducated by Communist Chinese. Pardoned 1959. Mechanic. From Emperor to Citizen 1980.

Pullman Strike. 1894. Chicago. Broken by troops, injunction. National boycott call. Debs.

Puritanism. 16-17C. English Calvinist movement to purify church of Catholic and political elements. Valued hard work, education, thrift.

Pushkin, Aleksandr. 1799-1837. Russian Romantic writer. Russia’s “Shakespeare”: Boris Gudonov 1825. Eugene Onegin 1823/4. Exiled 1821~6.

Pydna, Battle. 168BC. Romans defeat, divide Macedonia.

Pyrrhus. 319-272BC. King of Epirus. Defeated Romans at Heraclea and Ausculum at great cost (Pyrrhic Victory). Memoirs.

Quadi. -173. Nomadic German tribe in Moravia.

Quadrilateral. Austrian fortresses: Legnago, Mantua, Verona, Peschiera.

Quasimodo, Salvatore. 1901-68. Italian humanist Hermetic poet: La Vita non e sogno. Oboe Somerso 1932.

Quebec Act. 1774. Britain creates permanent government for Canada. Tolerance for French Canadians a cause of American Revolution. Intolerable Acts.

Quezon, Manuel. 1878-1944. First Philippine president 1935-.

Quintilian. c35-96. Roman educationalist. Institutio Oratoria 95. Modern ideas of education.

Quirinus. Roman god of war. Romulus deified.

Quisling, Vidkun. 1887-1945. Traitor, head of Norwegian puppet government during German occupation, 1940-5. WWII. Executed.

Rabelais, François. c1483-1553. French satirical writer and humanist. Pantagruel 1532.Gargantua 1534.

Rabin, Yitzhak. 1992-95. Israeli statesman. Military leader, Six Day War. PM 74-77, 92-95. Peace negotiater.

Rachmaninov, Sergei. 1873-1943. Russian/US pianist, composer. Romantic nostalgic works of great virtuosity. Prelude 1892.

Radowitz, Joseph von. 1797-1853. Prussian. Worked for unified Germany.

Rahman, Mujibur. 1920-75. Bangladesh Awami Leader. Prime Minister 1972-, President 1974-. Murdered in coup.

Rainaldi, Girolamo. 1570-1655. Hungarian architect. Brought Mannerism to Rome.

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