Mameluks. Egyptian slave bodyguards who formed 1250-1382 Bahrite, 1382-1517 Burjite dynasties. Overthrown by Turks. Ali Pasha.

Man, Isle of. 5C Celtic. 9C Norse. 800 Tynwald. 1266 Scotland...England. 1828 Crown possession.

Man in the Iron Mask. Anonymous Bastille prisoner 1698-1703.

Manchester School. 19C British free-trade movement. Cobden.

Manchu. 1644-1912. Chinese dynasty.=Ch’ing. 1682 united China.

Manchukuo. 1932-45. Japanese puppet state in Manchuria under P’u-i. Manchu.

Manchuria. 926 Khitan Empire. 1234 Mongol. 1644 Manchu. 1898 Port Arthur. 1932 Manchukuo. 1946 China.

Mancini, Pasquale. 1817-88. Italian Risorgimento leader, statesman. Triple Alliance 1882.

Mandaeanism. Persian Gnostic sect revering John the Baptist. Fertility worship.

Mandarin. Chinese official. Chinese dialect.

Mandate, League of Nations. Territory controlled by outside power. E.g. ex-German colonies, non-Turkish ex-Ottoman lands. 1946- UN Trusteeship.

Mandela, Nelson. 1918-. South African anti-Apartheid ANC leader. Jailed 1962-90. President 94-99.

Mandeville, John. 14C. English author. Travels of John Mandeville, Knight 1356.

Manet, Édouard. 1832-83. French Pre-Impressionist painter. Olympia 1863. Déjeuner sur l’herbe 1863, triggered Impressionism. Folies-Bergères 1882. Monet.

Manfred. 1232-66. Sicilian king 1258-. Opposed papal authority.

Manhattan Project. 1942-5. Developed US Atomic Bomb.

Manichaeism. 240-6C. Dualist ascetic Persian religion founded by Mani (-274) combining Gnosticism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity. Man’s spirit is good, body is evil. Albigens, Cathars, Paulician.

Manifest Destiny. 1840s. Justified US expansionism.

Manila Bay, Battle. 1898. US defeats Spain, wins Philippines.

Manin, Daniele. 1804-57. Risorgimento leader. Venetian Republic president 1848-9.

Manlius Capitolinus. -384BC. Roman Consul. Geese awaken...Gaul attack repulsed, 390BC.

Mann, Horace. 1796-1859. US educator. Modern public education system.

Mann, Thomas. 1875-1955. German/US novelist. Opposed Nazism. Buddenbrooks 1900. Magic Mountain 1927. Death in Venice 1929. Dr Faustus.

Mann Act. 1910. US law prohibits transport of women across state lines for immoral purposes.

Mannerheim, Carl. 1867-1951. Finnish president. 1944-6. Led fight vs Bolsheviks 1918-21, army 1939-44.

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