Black, Joseph. 1728-99. French/Scottish chemist. Latent heat 1757. CO2.

Black Code. 1685. Louis XIV edict on treatment of slaves in French colonies.

Blanc, Louis. 1811-82. French Utopian Socialist. Theory of equal wages. National Workshops. Organization du Travail 1839.

Blanchard, Jean. 1753-1809. French balloonist. First aerial Channel crossing 1785. Velocipede 1779.

Blanqui, Louis. 1805-81. French militant socialist. Coined: “Dictatorship of the Proletariat”, “Industrial Revolution”, 1837. Unsuccessful uprising 1839. Commune leader. Secret societies.

Blenheim, Battle. 1704. Bavaria. Marlborough’s victory in War of Spanish Succession. First French defeat in 50 years, saves Vienna.

Blériot, Louis. 1872-1936. French aviator. First plane to cross Channel, 1909.

Blondin, Charles. 1824-97. French tightrope walker over Niagara, 1859.

Blue Stockings. 1750s French literary salon held by educated women.

Blum, Léon. 1872-1950. French Socialist Prime Minister 1936-7. 40 hr. week.

Bodel, Jean. 1167-1210. Wrote first French miracle play. Play of St. Nicholas 1200.

Bodin, Jean. 1530-96. French political philosopher. Advocated democratic monarchy.

Boffrand, Germain. 1667-1754. French architect. Palais Bourbon 1710.

Boileau, Nicolas. 1636-1711. French writer: Satires 1658.

Bologna, Concordat. 1516. Control over French church given to king.

Boniface VIII. c1235-1303. Pope 1294-. Claimed supremacy over kings. Captured by French adviser.

Bonnard, Pierre. 1867-1947. French colorist, portrait artist.

Borel, Petrus. 1809-59. French Romantic poet, writer.

Bossuet, J.-B. 1627-1704. French prelate known for eloquent funeral orations. De Re Diplomatica 1681.

Bouchardon, Edme. 1698-1762. French Neoclassical sculptor. Equestrian Louis XV, Four Seasons Fountain, Cupid.

Boucher, Francois. 1703-70. French mythological and landscape painter. Louis XV Rococo Style. Mme de Pompadour favourite. “Decorator of Boudoirs”. Déjeuner 1738.

Boudin, Eugene. 1824-98. French naturalist open-air painter. Beach at Deauville 1869.

Bougainville, Louis. 1729-1811. First French circumnavigation 1766-9. Voyage autour du monde 1771.

Boulanger, Georges. 1837-91. French popular war minister. Conspired coup 1889. Banished.

Boulez, Pierre. 1925-. French 12-tone avant-garde composer. Sonatine 1946.

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