Reagan, Ronald. 1911-2004. US actor, Republican President 1981-9. Tax reform. Strong economy. Aid to Nicaragua Contras. Irangate scandal. Fall of Soviet Empire.

Reform Judaism. 19C. German movement vs Orthodox ritualism.

Reforma. 1854-76. Mexican civil war. Ouster of Santa Anna. Reduced power of army, church. Tejada Law. Juárez.

Reformation. 16C religious movement against practices of Roman Catholic church led to founding of Protestant churches. Luther. Calvin. Knox. Zwingli. Henry VIII.

Rice Riots. 1837. Japan. Famine led to riots, reform.

Riis, Jacob. 1849-1914. Danish/US social reformer. How the Other Half Lives, 1890.

Rotten Boroughs. -1832. British rural constituencies with few voters due to urban migration. Reform Bill.

Ruskin, John. 1819-1900. English writer and Pre-Raphaelite art critic. Social reformer.

Russell, John. 1792-1878. British Liberal Prime Minister 1846~66. Reform Bill 1832.

Savonarola, Girolamo. 1452-98. Led Florence 1494- after Medici overthrow. Reformer against vice and corruption in the church and society. Burned books, paintings, luxuries. Hung+burned.

Scheidt, Samuel. 1587-1654. German Reformation organ composer.

Schein, Johann. 1586-1630. Reformation composer. Introduced Italian Baroque to German music.

Selim III. 1761-1808. Ottoman sultan 1789-1807. Reformed, westernized. Overthrown, murdered.

Servetus, Michael. 1511-53. Spanish Reformation writer, scientist. Circulation of blood 1540. Burned by Calvin.

Shaftesbury, 7th earl. 1801-85. English reform politician. Coal Mines Act 1842. Factory Acts. Sponsored schools, housing for poor.

Socialism. 19C-. Movement opposing Liberalism, Capitalism. Advocates equal rights, just distribution of property, well-being of proletariat through reform or revolution. Utopia.

Speranski, Mikhail. 1772-1839. Russian adviser of Czar Alexander I. Reform advocate, law code compiler.

Speyer, Diet. 1526,1529. Luther’s protest against the church’s intolerance of Reformers.

Stein, Karl, Freiherr von. 1757-1831. Reforming Prussian statesman helped abolish serfdom.

Stolypin, Pyotr. 1862-1911. Russian Prime Minister 1906-. Used secret police to control revolutionaries. Moderate reforms.

Sulla, Lucius. 138-78BC. Roman consul 88-79. Dictator 82-79. Civil war with Marius. Murdered thousands of opponents. Conquered Athens. Constitutional reforms.

Sung. 960-1279. Chinese dynasty. Reform, prosperity, culture, movable type, paper currency.

Surprise Plot. 1603. To hold James I hostage for religious reform.

Sverdrup, Johan. 1816-92. Norwegian reformer, Prime Minister 1884-9. Trial by jury.

Tamworth Manifesto. 1834. Peel’s moderate reforms as British Conservative Party platform.

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