Boniface, St. 675-754. Martyred British apostle to Germany.

Boniface VIII. c1235-1303. Pope 1294-. Claimed supremacy over kings. Captured by French adviser.

Boulanger, Georges. 1837-91. French popular war minister. Conspired coup 1889. Banished.

Breda Compromise. 1566. Dutch petition against Inquisition. Dutch Revolt -1579.

Breda Declaration. 1660. Charles II conciliatory statement. Amnesty and religious toleration.

Breda Treaty. 1667. Ends Anglo-Dutch War. England gains New York.

Broca, Paul. 1824-80. French pathologist; discovered brain’s speech center.

Bronze Age. 3500-500BC. First uses of metal for arms and tools. Began in Near East. Society more structured. Specialization begins. Iron Age.

Brunhild. 534-613. Visigoth queen of Austrasia. Fued w Fredegund. Def by Neustria. Executed by having her hair tied to tail of wild horse.

Brutus, Marcus. 85-42BC. Conspired vs Caesar. Commited suicide after Philippi.

Bull, John. 1562-1628. English early keyboard composer. Often credited with God Save the Queen.

Bunsen, Robert. 1811-99. German chemist, perfected bunsen burner. Discovered Caesium, Rubidium 1860. Spectroscopy 1859. Kirchhoff.

Byng, Julian. 1862-1935. British General. Commanded Canadian forces, captured Vimy Ridge 1917. Canadian Governor General 1921-6.

Byzantine Empire. 395-1453. Eastern Roman Empire. Reduced by: 634 Caliphate Empire, 1042 Seljuks, 1204 Crusaders’ Latin Empire, 1453 Ottoman Empire.

Cabot, John. c1450-99. Genoese explorer for England. Discovered Newfoundland, Labrador, 1497.

Cabral, Pedro. 1467-1520. Portuguese navigator. Discovered Brazil 1500.

Cabrillo, Juan. -1543. Portuguese explorer. Discovered California for Spain.

Caesar, Julius. 100-44BC. Roman general. 58BC conquered Gaul. 55BC Invaded Britain. 49BC Crossed Rubicon. Established Julian calendar. de Bello Gallico 51BC. Assassinated.

Calvin, John. 1509-64. Reformist in Switzerland and France. Predestination, truth by faith. Institutes of Christian Religion 1536, used by others to justify Protestantism. Calvinism.

Calvinism. New concept of work. Diligence, frugality, beyond satisfaction of material needs. Predestination. Strict Rectitude. Presbyterianism. Calvin. Remonstrants.

Cardigan, James Brudenell, Earl of. 1797-1868. British General. Led Charge of the Light Brigade. Tennyson. Crimean War.

Carib. Warlike natives of Amazon Basin. 15C conquered Arawak. Cannibals. Decimated by disease. St Vincent.

Carrel, Alexis. 1873-1944. French/US surgeon. Pioneered transplants.

Cartier, Jacques. 1491-1557. French explorer, discovered St. Lawrence River 1534.

Caste System. Hereditary social division, esp. in Hindu India. Brahman. Kshatriyas. Vaisyas. Sudras. Untouchables.

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