Arnhem, Battle. 1944. Unsuccessful Allied attempt to cross Rhine.

Balboa, Vasco de. 1475-1519. Spanish. Crossed Panama to Pacific 1513. Beheaded.

Baroque Art. 1600-1750. Orig in Italy, spread across W. Europe. Architecture: Ornate style characterized by stucco, frescoes, rood screens. Vanbrugh. Bernini’s Barberini Palace. Music: Counterpoint vs Renaissance polyphony. Opera, cantata. Bach. Monteverdi. Vivaldi. Painting: Dynamic, emotional. Caravaggio. Reni. Rubens.Van Dyck. Rococo.

Blanchard, Jean. 1753-1809. French balloonist. First aerial Channel crossing 1785. Velocipede 1779.

Blériot, Louis. 1872-1936. French aviator. First plane to cross Channel, 1909.

Cross, Richard. 1823-1914. British statesman: First urban renewal act.

Crossword Puzzles. 1923 US. 1930 Times.

De Soto, Hernando. 1500-42. Spanish explorer. First across Mississippi.

Dismas, St. Thief converted by Jesus on cross.

Ellsworth, Lincoln. 1880-1951. US explorer. First flight across Arctic 1926, Antarctica 1935.

Francesca, Piero della. 1406-92. Italian fresco painter. Story of the True Cross 1465.

Garros, Roland. 1888-1918. French aviator, first to cross Mediterranean.

Hadrian. 76-138. Roman Emperor 117-. Built wall across England 122-36, Aelius Bridge 134. Rebuilt Greek cities.

Hannibal. 247-182BC. Carthaginian leader. Crossed the Alps with elephants in winter to attack Rome 217BC. St Bernard Pass. Punic Wars.

Iron Cross. 1813. Prussian military decoration.

John of the Cross, St. 1542-91. Spanish mystic poet. Founded Discalced Carmelites.

Leutze, Emanuel. 1816-68. US painter. Washington Crossing the Delaware 1851.

Lindbergh, Charles. 1902-74. US aviator: first solo non-stop flight across Atlantic, 1927.

Malta. c800BC Phoenecia...Carthage. 218BC Rome. 5C Vandal/ Goth. 6C Byzantine. 870 Arab. 1090 Sicily. 1530 Knights of St. John. 1798 French. 1814 British. 1964 Indepependent. 1974 Republic. Population awarded George Cross 1942.

Mann Act. 1910. US law prohibits transport of women across state lines for immoral purposes.

Mannerheim Line. Eastern Finnish fortification. Crossed by Russians 1940.

McClure, Robert. 1807-73. British naval commander. First Northwest Passage crossing by boat and sledge 1853-4.

Mortimer’s Cross, Battle. 1461. Yorks defeat Lancastrians. Edward IV declares himself king.

Neville’s Cross, Battle. 1346. English defeat Scottish invaders, capture King David II.

Petit Pont. 1852. Bridge across Seine at site of original Roman crossing.

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