Nader Shah. 1688-1747. Severe ruler of Persia 1736-. Conquered Turks and northern India. Took Koh-i-noor diamond, Peacock Throne.

Nanak. 1469-1539. Indian Sikh guru. To reduce strife between Hindus and Moslems, founded Sikh religion. -“God is one, whether Allah, Rama, God or Vishnu”.

Napoleon I, Bonaparte. 1769-1821. French general. Emperor of France by coup d’etat 1804-14. Disastrous Moscow campaign 1812. Defeated at Waterloo 1815. Exiled to St. Helena. Napoleonic Wars. Napoleonic Code. Hundred Days.

National Liberation Front. 1960- Vietcong organization for unification of Vietnam. 1969 Provisonal government. 1975 Conquered South Vietnam. 1976 Joined National United Front.

Neanderthal Man. 100,000-50,000BC. Skull discovered in Germany 1856.

New Hebrides. Melanesians, Polynesians. 1606 de Quiros discovers. 1768 Bougainville rediscovers. 1774 Cook charts. 1887 Joint French/English admin. 1980 -Vanuatu.

New Netherland. 1624-64. Dutch colonies in North America. Captured by British. New Amsterdam.

New Sweden. 1638-55. Swedish colony in North America captured by Dutch. «Delaware.

Newfoundland. Beothuk, Inuit. 10C Norse discover. 1497 Cabot rediscovers. 1583 Britain claims. 17-18C British, French dispute. 1713 British sovereignty recognized. 1855 Self-governing. 1934 Crown Colony. 1949 Canadian province.

Niagara Falls. Discovered 1678 by French priest Louis Hennepin.

Nicaea, Empire. 1204-61. Byzantine state reconquered Latin Empire to restore Byzantine Empire.

Nobel, Alfred. 1833-96. Swedish. Invented dynamite 1867. Founded Nobel Prize 1901.

Nobel Prize. Nobel legacy funded. Peace Prize and prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature. 1969 +Economics. . Declined: Le Duc Tho, Pasternak, Sartre.

North, Frederick. 1732-92. English Prime Minister during American Revolution.

Notre-Dame. Paris Cathedral. 1163-1345. Restored 1841. Prototype of all Gothic cathedrals.

Nubia. 8C BC-c300 AD. NE African kingdom conquered Egypt. Sudan.

Octavian. 63BC-14AD. 27BC Declared himself Emperor Augustus.

Odysseus. Hero of Odyssey. Conquered Troy. =Ulysses.

Oersted, Christian. 1777-1851. Danish physicist: discovered electromagnetism 1819.

Ogadai. 1185-1241. Mongol ruler 1229-41. Conquered China to Poland, Hungary.

Olive Branch Petition. 1775. Moderate Americans attempt to avoid war. Ignored by George III.

Olmütz, Treaty. 1850. Restored German Confederation under Austria.

Orléans, Charles, duc d’. 1394-1465. Fought with Armagnacs vs Burgundians. Captured at Agincourt 1415. Ransomed 1440. Last courtly poet of France.

Orléans, Siege. 1428-9. 8 month English siege ended by Joan of Arc. Turning point of 100 Years War.

Osman I. 1258-1326. Turkish founder of Ottoman Empire 1299. Conquered Byzantium.

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