Ethelred the Unready. c968-1016. King of English 978-. Unable to defend against Danish raids. Drove them out, 1015.

Euclid. c300BC. Greek mathematician. Discovered plane geometry. Elements.

Factory Acts. England. 1802 Apprentices 12 hr day. 1819 Minimum age 9. 1833. Limited child labour to 8 hours and education required 1844 Women, children 10 hr max. 1842 No women/children in mines. 1920 Minimum age 14. US 1844 Women 12 hr max. 1874 Women/children 10 hr max.

Falloux, Frédéric. 1811-56. French politician. Sponsored Law on Education: Loi Falloux.

Faure, Felix. 1841-99. French president. Fashoda. Dreyfus.

Fauvism. 1898-1908. Violently colored and distorted painting expressing strong emotion. Matisse. Roualt. Puy.

Félibrige. 1854. Mistral’s Provençale revival movement.

Ferber, Edna. 1887-1968. US writer. Show Boat.

Ferdinand VII. 1784-1833. Spanish King, 1808, 1814-33. Favoured Isabella II to succeed. Carlist Wars led to loss of Spanish power and possessions.

Fermat, Pierre de. 1601-65. French mathematician/jurist. Modern Number Theory. Last Theorem 1631: There does not exist xⁿ+yⁿ=zⁿ for n>2; x,y,z ε N. Proved by Wiles 1995.

Festival of the Supreme Being. 8 June 1794. Declared by Robespierre and designed by David.

Fetterman Massacre. 1866. Red Cloud-led Sioux kill 80 US Soldiers.

Finlay, Carlos. 1833-1915. Cuban. Discovered that Yellow Fever is transmitted by mosquitoes 1881. Reed.

Five Hundred, Council of. 508BC. Athens’ representative government.

Five Hundred, Council of. 1795. Lower House of French Parliament.

Fizeau, Armand. 1819-96. French physicist. Measured speed of light, 1849.

Florian, Jean-Pierre de. 1755-94. French fable writer.

France, Anatole. 1844-1924. French short story writer. The Red Lily 1894.

Fredegund. c545-597. Murderous Q of Neustria. 40 yr. feud vs Brunhild.

Frederick I. (Barbarossa). c1123-90. HRE 1155-. Crusades. Opposed papal authority.

Frederick I. 1657-1713. Creator and first king of Prussia, 1701.

Frederick II. 1194-1250. Holy Roman Emperor. 1220-. King of Sicily 1198-. King of Jerusalem 1229-. Patron of arts, education.

Frederick II. The Great. 1712-86. Powerful Prussian king. Siezed Silesia from Austria. Patron of Arts. Liberal internal reforms.

Frederick III. 1609-70. King of Norway and Denmark, 1648-. Lost much of territory to Sweden.

Frederick IV. 1671-1730. King of Norway and Denmark, 1699-. Abolished serfdom. Educational system.

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