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36 matches to Reason
Aristotle. 384-322BC. Greek philosopher, founder of Peripatetics: Unified theory of knowledge. Matter, potentially alive, strives to attain its living form. Stressed observation and logic. Deductive Reasoning. Free Will.
Bacon, Francis. 1561-1626. English chancellor and philosopher. First king’s counsel. Favoured inductive over deductive reasoning. Separated Science from religion. New Atlantis 1625. B. Scientific method: Novum Organum 1620. Essays 1625.
Benten. Japanese god of reasoning. Patron of literature, music, femininity.
Biron, Charles. 1562-1602. French marshal, beheaded for treason.
Burr, Aaron. 1756-1836. US VP 1801-5. Tied in presidential election with Jefferson. Killed Hamilton in duel 1804. Acquitted of treason 1807.
Common Law. Based on precedents derived from reason rather than a code of statutes. Originally English.
Confucius. 551-479BC. Chinese philosopher and moralist. Advocated reason, love and respect for others over supernatural. Chinese Exam. Wu Ching.
Cult of Reason. Reason, Cult of.
Deductive Reasoning. Aristotelian. Derivation of universal truths from prior certainties. Syllogisms.
Deism. Theory that God’s existence can be proven by reason, not just known by revelation (Theism). Rousseau. Voltaire. Jefferson.
Douglas. 1200-. Prominent Scottish family. Accused of treason, William Douglas murdered by James II 1452.
Duns Scotus, John. c1266-1308. British theologian. Immaculate Conception. vs Thomas Aquinas. Reason over faith. Scotism. Absolute primacy of God’s free will.
Erasmus, Desiderius. c1466-1536. Dutch Humanist ecclesiastic reform writer. Published first New Testament based on Greek, 1516. Reason over ignorance and superstition. Opposed Luther. Praise of Folly. Enchiridion: Christ requires of us nothing but a pure and sincere life.
Hébert, Jacques. 1757-94. French revolutionary extremist. Led Sansculottes. Cult of Reason.
Hegel, G.W.F. 1770-1831. German Idealist philosopher: Dialectical Reasoning: thesis vs antithesis = synthesis. Dialectical Materialism. “Universe is evolving from first cause toward self awareness and freedom. In man, God becomes aware of Himself”. Phenomenology 1806. Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1817. Philosophy of History 1830.
Hume, David. 1711-76. Scottish empiricist philosopher and historian: On Human Nature 1739. Free-will. Behaviour results from innate character. God cannot be proved by reason, but we must believe in Him.
Inductive Reasoning. Baconian. Truth is induced from a mass of observed facts.
Irrationalism. 19C. Philosophy stressing instinct over reason. Schopenhauer.
Kant, Immanuel. 1724-1804. German Romantic philosopher. Free-will. Inherent moral nature implies “Transcendental” world of freedom. Although the mind builds internal maps of sensory perceptions, we do not know what the world is really like. -“moral imperative = human diginity”. On Heaven 1755. Critique of Pure Reason 1781. Critique of Practical Reason 1788. Critique of Judgement.
Laval, Pierre. 1883-1945. Vichy Prime Minister 1942-4. Executed for treason.
Lese Majesty. Crime against state or its ruler. Treason.
Liberalism, Theological. 17C. Religious inquiry based on reason vs authority.
Logos. Greek force of cosmic order and reason. Link between God and man. Philo.
Paine, Thomas. 1737-1809. English/US/French political writer for democracy. Common Sense 1776, Rights of Man 1791, Age of Reason 1794.
Philo. c20BC-50. Alexandrian Jew. Reconciled Jewish faith with Greek reason.