Girondins. 1791-3 Moderate French republicans. Tried to save king’s life. Most executed. Danton.

Jeffersonian Republicans. 1790-. US First opposition party. Advocated limited government vs Federalists.

Orléanists. 1830-48. French supporters of Louis-Philippe vs republicans and Bonapartists.

Philippi, Battle. 42BC. Antony and Octavian beat republicans Brutus and Cassius.

Progressive Party. 1912,24 Dissident US Republicans. 1948 Dissident Democrats.

Russian Revolution. 1905. Led to Duma, Constitution and end of Mir system. Police gradually regained authority. October Manifesto. Bloody Sunday. 1917 Feb: Liberal republicans overthrow Czar. Oct: Lenin’s Bolsheviks overthrow Kerensky’s Provisional Government, withdraw from WWI.

Scalawags. White southern Republicans who supported Reconstruction.