Coalition, Wars of. 1792-1815. European powers oppose France’s revolutionary ideas and expansion. French Revolutionary Wars. Napoleonic Wars. Third Coalition War.

Cobden, Richard. 1804-65. British Radical MP. Anti-Corn Law League.

Cobden, Treaty. 1860. Free trade between Britain and France.

Cockerell, Christopher. 1910-99. English hovercraft inventor 1955.

Cocteau, Jean. 1889-1963. Montparnasse poet. Provençale figurative painter. Filmmaker.

Cod War. 1972-6. Britain upset at Iceland’s unilateral expansion of fishing limits to 50 miles.

Code of Hammurabi. 18C BC. Written legal code.

Coke, Edward. 1552-1634. English jurist. Defended Common Law. Prosecuted Raleigh.

Coldstream Guards. 1650. Marched to London to restore Charles II.

Colombia. 1502. Columbus discovers. 1538 Spain 1819 Gran Colombia. 1830 Colombia. 1946-64 La Violencia.

Columban, St. c543-615. Irish monk. Missionary to France, Switzerland, Italy.

Columbia. US 1981. First reusable spacecraft.

Combination Acts. 1799, 1800. Britain outlaws trade unions. Repealed 1824.

COMECON. Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. 1949-91. USSR and satellites central planning organization.

Comédie-Francaise. Oldest National theatre. Founded by Louis XIV in 1680. Molière.

Comic Opera. 18C revolt vs serious opera. Light style, familiar scenes. Italy: opera buffa; Fr: opéra comique; Eng: ballad opera; Ger: singspiel. Orig as intermezzo for opera.

Committee of Public Safety. 1793-5. Ruled France. Robespierre’s reign of Terror.

Common Law. Based on precedents derived from reason rather than a code of statutes. Originally English.

Commune. 1789-94. Paris council. Overode the National Assembly by controlling administration.

Communist Party. USSR. 1918. Name adopted by Bolsheviks for Social Democratic Workers’ Party. Parties started in Britain, USA, Austria, France, Italy, Spain, Germany soon after.

Comoros. 8C Moslem. 1527 Europeans explore. 1886 France. 1975 Independent.

Concentration Camps. 1862-65 USA. 1899-1902. British internment of Boers in South Africa. 1922-91. USSR. 1933-45 Nazi prisons for extermination and slave labour. Buchenwald. Auschwitz. Dachau. 1942-6 US Relocation Centers. 1942-46 Canada. 1950’s Kenya. 1973 Chile.

Conciliarism. 12C-. General Council has greater power than pope. Popular during Great Schism.

Concini, Concino. -1617. Italian favourite of Marie de Medici. Marshal of France. Executed.

Concord, Book of. 1580. Synthesis of creeds and catechisms of Lutheranism.

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