Champ-de-Mars. Garden under the Eiffel Tower. Originally Gabriel’s parade ground for École Militaire.

Champlain, Samuel de. c1567-1635. French explorer of Canada. First Governor of New France. Founded Quebec city 1608.

Chandler, Raymond. 1888-1959. US novelist. Big Sleep 1939. Detective Philip Marlow.

Chantrey, Francis. 1781-1841. British sculptor.

Chaplin, Charlie. 1889-1977. English silent film actor. First international film star: The Kid 1921. Modern Times 1936. Little Tramp.

Chapman, George. c1559-1634. English poet, playwright: Bussy d’Ambois 1607. Translated Homer.

Chappe, Claude. 1763-1805. French engineer, physicist: Aerial telegraph 1792.

Chardonnet, Comte de. 1839-1924. First Rayon factory.

Charlemagne. c742-814. King of France 768-. Restored Western Roman Empire, 800.

Charles I. c742-814. King of France. = Charlemagne.

Charles II, the Bald. 823-77. King of France 843-. Emperor of the West 875-. Verdun Treaty.

Charles III, the Simple. 879-929. King of France 893-923. Added Lorraine. Deposed.

Charles IV, the Fair. 1294-1328. King of France 1322-, and Navarre. Won part of Aquitaine from England. Last Capetian.

Charles V. 1500-1558. Hapsburg king of Netherlands 1515-55, Spain 1516-56, Germany 1519-. Holy Roman Emperor 1519-56. Fought Francis I. Divided Austria from Spain. Fought Turks.

Charles V, the Wise. 1338-80. King of France 1364-. New rampart around Paris.

Charles VI, the Well-beloved. 1368-1422. King of France 1380-. Insanity led to Civil War. Berry.

Charles VII, the Well-served. 1403-61. King of France 1422-. Joan of Arc. Arras Treaty. Pragmatic Sanction.

Charles VIII. 1470-98. King of France 1483-.

Charles IX. 1550-74. King of France 1560-. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Charles X. 1757-1836. King of France 1824-30. Overthrown by revolt.

Charles Martel. The Hammer. 685-741. Unified Franks. Poitiers victory. Charlemagne’s grandfather.

Charlottetown Conference. 1864. Canadian provinces plan Confederation.

Charpentier, Marc. 1634-1704. French composer. Oratorios.

Charter. 1814-1830. French Constitution: Constitutional Monarchy, civil liberties, religious toleration.

Chartists. 1836-58. British workers’ reform movement. Petitions 1838,40,48 for universal male suffrage, ballot vote led to riots 1839. Lovett.

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