Carlsbad Decrees. 1819. Censorship and repressive measures against liberal Burschenschaften.

Carlson, Chester. 1906-68. US. Invented xerography, 1940.

Carmathians. 890-10C. Moslem reform sect. Kidnaped and ransomed Stone of Ka’bah 930-950.

Carmen, Bliss. 1861-1929. Canadian lyric poet. Low tide on Grand Pré 1893. Daughters of Dawn 1913.

Caroline Affair. 1837. Canadians destroy US vessel at Niagara for supplying rebels. Mackenzie.

Carpocrations. 2C-6C. Gnostic heretic sect.

Carracci, Annibale. 1560-1609. It Baroque painter. Palazzo Farnese frescoes 1599-1601.

Carrel, Alexis. 1873-1944. French/US surgeon. Pioneered transplants.

Carrera, José. 1785-1821. Chilean rebel leader, First President 1811-14.

Carrera, Rafael. 1814-65. Guatemala revolutionary. Dictator 1840-. Ended CAF, Guatemala independent.

Carrhae, Battle. 53BC. Failed Roman invasion of Parthia. Crassus killed. End of first triumvirate.

Carson, Rachel. 1907-64. US biologist: The Silent Spring 1962.

Carthage. 814BC Phoenician colony. Dido. 574BC Independence after Tyre falls. 480BC Republic. 264-146BC Punic Wars. Hannibal. 146BC Rome razes, rebuilds. 439 Vandals plunder. 533 Byzantine. 705 Moslem. Tunis.

Cartwright, John. 1740-1824. English reformer for universal male suffrage, abolition of slavery.

Caruso, Enrico. 1873-1921. Dramatic Italian tenor.

Carver, George W. 1864-1943. US agriculturalist. Former slave.

Caryatid. Draped female figure used as arch. column. Esp. Erechtheum, Athens c420BC.

Cassandra. Daughter of Priam, with gift of prophecy, but curse of never being believed.

Cassini, César. 1714-84. Italian/French astronomer, cartographer of France.

Caste System. Hereditary social division, esp. in Hindu India. Brahman. Kshatriyas. Vaisyas. Sudras. Untouchables.

Castile. 1029 Split off León 1230 + León. 1479 + Aragon. 1512 + Navarre = Spain.

Castor and Pollux. Greek twin dieties. Patrons of sailors.

Cat and Mouse Act. Prisoners Temporary Discharge for Health Act. 1913. Released British suffragettes on hunger strikes.

Catalan. Romance language of Andorra, NE Spain, SW France.

Catalonia. Iberians. Colonized by Phoenicia, Greece, Carthage. c200BC Rome. 5C Goths. 712 Moors. c788 Charlemagne. 1137 +Aragon. 1932 Autonomous. 1939 Spain.

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