Worms, Diet of. 1521. Called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Lutheranism outlawed. Luther declared heretic, exiled. Reformation.

Worms, Synod. 1076. Called by Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV to depose Pope Gregory VII. 1122 Concordat of Worms.

WPA. Works Progress Administration. 1935-43. Employed 8.5M on public works in US during Depression.

Wren, Christopher. 1632-1723. English architect. Anglicized Classicism based on French and Dutch influence. Rebuilt 50 churches after 1666 London fire. St. Paul’s 1675. Greenwich Observatory 1675. Associated with craftsmanship of Tijou, Gibbons, Thornhill, Cibber. Sheldonian Theatre 1662. Trinity College Library 1676.

Wright, Frank Lloyd. 1869-1959. US “organic” architect. Introduced glass and steel forms. Guggenhem Museum 1943-59. Taliesin West 1938.

WTO. World Trade Organization. 1995. Successor to GATT. Focus of anti-globalization protests. WFTU.

Wyandotte Constitution. 1859. Conclusion of Bleeding Kansas. Rejected slavery, women’s suffrage.

Wycherley, William. 1640-1716. English satirical Restoration dramatist: Country Wife 1675. Plain Dealer 1676.

Wyclif(fe), John. c1330-84. English religious reformer. Lollard leader. Advocated religion from within rather than mechanical practice. Began First English translation of bible.

Xanthippe. c5C BC. Socrates’ carping wife.

Xavier, St. Francis. 1506-52. One of First Jesuits. Apostle to Asia 1540-.

Xenocrates. 394-314BC. Greek philosopher. Head of Plato’s Academy.

Xenophon. 431-350BC. Greek general/historian. Expedition of Ten Thousand. Anabasis. Hellenica.

Xerxes I. 519-465BC. King of Persia, invaded Attica. Victor at Thermopylae. Salamis defeat preserved Greek independence. Crossed Hellespont 480BC.

Yalta Conference. 1945. Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin. Decided partition of Europe after WWII. USSR enters war vs Japan. Potsdam. San Francisco Peace.

Yamamoto Isoroku. 1884-1943. Japanese admiral. Led Pearl Harbor attack 1941.

Yarmuk River, Battle. 636. Arabs defeat Byzantines, dominate Syria.

Yazoo Land Fraud. 1795. Georgia sells Mississippi to 4 companies for $500K. Legislators all shareholders. Rescinded as unconstitutional 1796.

Yeats, William. 1865-1939. Irish nationalist poet/dramatist: Wild Swans 1917. Deirdre. Tower 1928. Winding Stair 1933. Modernism.

Yemen. ~10CBC Minaean, Saba’, Qataban, Himyarite Kingdoms. 1C Jews settle. 4C Christians settle. 525 Abyssinia. 575 Persia. 7C Moslem. 9C ’Alid Zaydi dynasty. 1173 Ayyubid. c1229 Rasulid. 1517 Ottoman. 1962 Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen). 1990 Merged with c100BC Himyarite. 1229 Rasulis. 1635 Zaydi. 1735 Divided South: 1802 British protection. 1839 British East India Company. 1937 Aden British Protectorate. 1963 Federation of South Arabia. 1967 People’s Republic of Yemen. 1735 North: 1872 Ottoman. 1920 Tribal. 1962 Yemen Arab Republic 1990 merged=Yemen.

Yerba Buena. 1776-1846. Spanish mission...San Francisco.

Yggdrasill. Ash tree of existence, life and knowledge in Scandinavian legend.

Yogacara. 2C- Mahayana meditative Buddhism. Only consciousness is real.

Yonge, Charlotte. 1823-1901. English Victorian novelist: Heir of Radclyffe 1853. Daisy Chain 1856. Oxford Movement.

York. Branch of the Anjou-Plantegenet family, Edward IV, Edward V, and Richard III. War of Roses.

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