Schumann, Robert. 1810-56. German Romantic piano, choral composer. Lyrical works. Spring Symphony 1841. Rhenish Symphony 1850.

Schütz, Heinrich. 1585-1672. Founded German church music with Italian style. Wrote first German opera, Dafne 1627.

Schweitzer, Albert. 1875-1965. German medical missionary to Africa 1913-.

Scipio. 3-1C BC Family of Roman leaders, generals.

Scipio Africanus Major. 236-183BC. Roman general. Pushed Carthaginians from Spain. Defeated Hannibal at Zama 202.

Scipio Africanus Minor. 185-129BC. Roman Consul, censor, general. Conquered, destroyed Carthage.

Scipio Nasica Serapio. -132BC. Led mob that murdered Gracchus.

Scotland. c4000BC Inhabited. c1800BC Beaker people. c300BC Celts (Picts). Caledonia. c500 AD Scots (Celts from Ireland) settle. 832 MacAlpin unifies. 945 + Cumbria + Strathclyde. c1016 + Lothian. 1328 Independence acknowledged by England. 1603 James VI becomes James I of England. 1707 Great Britain. 1801 United Kingdom.

Scriblerus Club. 18C English literary club. Satirized contemporary writing. Swift. Pope.

Se Ami. Japanese No dramatist. Offering of the Flowers 1395.

Sea Lion, Operation. Battle of Britain.

SEATO. Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. 1954-77 for defence vs communist infiltration.

Security Council. UN executive. USA, USSR, China, France, UK, + 10 non-permanent.

Seeckt, Hans von. 1866-1936. German general. Secretly rebuilt army after WWI.

Segregation. Separation of the races to maintain the advantages of one.

Ségurane, Catherine. Saved Nice by frightening away invading Turks, 1543.

Seleucids. 312-64BC. Hellenistic kingdom founded by Alexander’s general, Seleucus. Syria, Persia, Mesopotamia.

Selim I. 1470-1520. Ottoman sultan 1512-. Conquered Egypt, Syria, part of Persia.

Semiramis. Assyrian queen, goddess. Founded Babylon.

Semite. Descended of Shem, Noah’s eldest son. Assyrians, Phoenicians, Israelites, Babylonians. Now: Jews, Arabs of S.W. Asia.

Semmelweis, Ignaz. 1818-65. Hungarian/Austrian. Puerperal fever 1861.

Sempach Battle. 1386. Swiss confederates defeat Austrian Duke Leopold, ensuring independence.

Seneca, Lucius. c4BC-65. Roman stoic philosopher, dramatist. Influenced Renaissance drama.

Senefelder, Alois. 1772-1834. Bavarian lithography inventor 1796.

Senegal. Wolof, Fulani, Serer, Tukulor. 1406 Bettencourt explored. 15C Portugal. 1626 French settle. 1895 French colony. 1959 +Sudanese Republic=Mali Federation. 1960 -Mali=Independent republic.

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