Russian Campaign. 1812. Napoleon’s march on Moscow. 10,000 of 100,000 return. Grande Armée.

Russian Civil War. 1918-22. Trotsky’s Red Army defeat White counter-revolutionaries. Baltic liberated.

Russian Revolution. 1905. Led to Duma, Constitution and end of Mir system. Police gradually regained authority. October Manifesto. Bloody Sunday. 1917 Feb: Liberal republicans overthrow Czar. Oct: Lenin’s Bolsheviks overthrow Kerensky’s Provisional Government, withdraw from WWI.

Russian Social Democratic Party. 1898. Split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, 1903.

Russo-Polish War. 1919-20. Polish attempt to liberate Ukraine repulsed.

Rutebeuf. 13C French trouvère, poet. Le Dit de l’Herberie.

Ruthenia. 1321 Lithuania. 1772 Russ/Austria-Hungary. 1920 Czechoslovakia. 1939 Hungary. 1945 = Transcarpathian Ukraine (USSR).

Rutherford, Ernest. 1871-1937. NZ/English physicist. Beta rays 1899, Nuclear theory of atom1911.

Ruthven, Raid of. 1582. James VI of Scotland kidnapped by William Ruthven (1541-84).

Ruyter, Michiel. 1607-76. Dutch admiral defeated British in Anglo-Dutch wars.

Rymer, Thomas. 1641-1713. English Neoclassical literary critic: attacked Shakespeare.

Sabah. 1888 British protectorate = North Borneo. 1946 British Crown Colony. 1963 Malaysia.

Sackville, Thomas. 1536-1608. British dramatist. First English blank-verse tragedy. Gorboduc 1561.

Sadat, Anwar al-. 1918-81. Egyptian president 1970- Aided Nasser’s 1952 coup. 1977 Addressed Israeli Knesset. Peace with Israel 1979. Camp David. Assassinated.

Sadducees. -70. Jewish priest class vs Pharisees. Followed Torah and not oral law.

Sade, Marquis de. 1740-1814. French S&M writer. Jailed for immorality. 120 Days of Sodom 1785.

Sadowa, Battle. 1866. Königgrätz.

Safavids. 1501-1736. Moslem dynasty. Led Persia to power. Established Shi’a Islam as state religion.

Saint-Gaudens, Augustus. 1848-1907. US sculptor. Farragut. Abraham Lincoln (Chicago).

Saionji Kimmochi, Prince. 1849-1940. Japanese Prime Minister 1901~12. Tried to moderate militarism.

Salamis, Battle. 480BC. Greek naval victory over superior Persian fleet.

Salan, Raoul. 1899-1984. French general. Created OAS 1961. Imprisoned 1962-8.

Salazar, Antonio. 1889-1970. Portuguese dictator 1932-68.

Salbai, Treaty. 1782. Ends first Maratha War.

Salesbury, William. c1520-84. Welsh lexicographer. Translated New Testament to Welsh 1567.

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