Rochdale. 1844 Pioneer cooperative. Owen.

Rochefoucauld. LaRochefoucauld.

Rococo. Art and Architecture 1720-70. Last stage of Baroque. Shell shaped motif in ornamentation. Dainty, graceful, ornate, smiling. Watteau. Boucher. Fragonard.

Roderick. -711. Last Visigoth king of Spain. Defeated by Saracens, killed.

Rodney, George. 1718-92. British admiral. Seven Years War. American Revolution.

Rœntgen, Konrad. 1845-1923. German physicist, discovered X-rays 1895.

Röhm, Ernst. 1887-1934. German Nazi rival of Hitler. Organized SA. Executed.

Roland de la Platière, Jean. 1734-93. Moderate French revolutionary leader. Fled Terror.

Roland de la Platière, Jeanne. 1754-93. French wife of Jean. Held revolutionary salons. Executed.

Rollo. 860-932. Norse pirate. Colonized Normandy 911. 885 Rolled boats around Paris when seige failed.

Rölvaag, Ole. 1876-1931. Norwegian/US. Wrote of immigrants in Minnesota. Giants in the Earth 1927.

Roman Catholic Church. 30-. Branch of Christianity recognizing Pope as successor to St Peter. East-West Schism. Eastern Orthodoxy. Protestantism.

Roman Question. 1861-1929. Italy vs Papacy over control of Rome. Lateran Treaty.

Romanesque Art. 11-12C Powerful imagery, grand conception. Fused Byzantine, Teutonic, Roman.

Romania. Balkans. Dacia. 15C Ottoman. 1859 Moldavia+Walachia. 1878 Independent. 1918 + Bessarabia, Transylvania. 1940 -Bessarabia. 1947 People’s Republic. 1955 Warsaw Pact. 1989 Revolt. Ceausescu overthrown.

Romantic. Period of music. c1800-1910. Sought freedom of expression. Instrumental virtuoso. Berlioz. Liszt. Schubert. Schumann.

Romantic. Literary movement. Nature, spirit and emotion. Subjective. Gothic novel. Hugo, Rousseau, Schiller. Wordsworth. Goethe. Scott.

Romantic Movement. Reaction vs Enlightenment, French cultural domination. Native themes, individuality, subjectivity, self-expression.

Rommel, Erwin. 1891-1944. German WWII Field Marshal in Africa 1941-3, France 1944. “Desert Fox”. Plotted vs Hitler. Suicide.

Ronald. Pith ball electric telegraph 1816.

R101. 1930. British airship, world’s largest, crashed in France.

Ronsard, Pierre de. 1524-85. French Pléiade poet. Odes 1550. Amours 1552. Franciade 1572.

Roosevelt, Franklin. 1882-1945. US president 1933-45. New Deal 1933-. Pacifist until Pearl Harbor. Four Freedoms.

Root-Takahira Agreement. 1908. US-Japan. Maintains Open Door policy in China.

Ross, Betsy. 1752-1836. Seamstress. Traditional maker of first US flag.

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