Barabbas. Thief freed by crowd instead of Jesus.

Barbados. Arawak. 1518 Portugal discovers. 1627 English settle. 1966 Independent.

Barbara, St. c200. Maiden martyr at father’s hands, who was struck by lightning. Patron St. of artillerymen.

Barbarossa, Operation. 1941. German invasion of USSR.

Barbarossa II. 1466-1546. Turkish pirate. Conquered Algiers 1518, Tunis 1534.

Barbary Piracy. 1518-1830. G. Washington pays $1M to free enslaved seamen 1796. US attacks Tripoli 1815. French sieze Algiers, 1830.

Barbès, Armand. 1809-70. French Republican.

Barbizon. 19C French objective style of painting landscapes from nature; influenced Impressionists. Millet, Diaz.

Bardeen, John. 1908-91. US developer of transistor 1948 with Shockley. . BCS superconductivity 1957.

Barebones Parliament. 1653. Cromwell’s Nominated Puritan Parliament. Named for MP, Praise-God Barbon.

Barnard, Christian. 1922-2001. South African surgeon-first human heart transplant 1967.

Barnburners. 1842-54. US radical anti-slavery Democrats vs Hunkers.

Baroja y Nessi, Pio. 1872-1956. Basque novelist. Terse style influenced Hemingway. Somber Lives 1900. Generation of ’98.

Baron. 1066-. 5th (lowest) rank of British peerage.

Baroque Art. 1600-1750. Orig in Italy, spread across W. Europe. Architecture: Ornate style characterized by stucco, frescoes, rood screens. Vanbrugh. Bernini’s Barberini Palace. Music: Counterpoint vs Renaissance polyphony. Opera, cantata. Bach. Monteverdi. Vivaldi. Painting: Dynamic, emotional. Caravaggio. Reni. Rubens.Van Dyck. Rococo.

Barrackpore Mutiny. 1824. Indian troops vs British commanders. Troops massacred.

Barras, Paul. 1755-1829. French Directory founder. Led Army of Interior.

Barrault, Jean-Louis. 1910-94. French actor, producer. F. Théâtre d’Orsay.

Barrès, Maurice. 1862-1923. French writer, politician. la Colline inspirée 1913.

Barrier Treaties. 1709-15. Britain, HRE aid United Provinces vs Spain, France. Spanish Succession.

Barry, Charles. 1795-1860. English architect: Westminster Parliament 1840. Trafalgar Square 1840-3.

Bartolomeo, Fra. 1472-1517. Florentine master painter. High Renaissance Classical idealist. Lucca. Annunciation 1497.

Barton, Clara. 1821-1912. US Civil War nurse. Founded US Red Cross 1881.

Basel, Peace. 1499. Holy Roman Empire grants Swiss independence.

Basel, Treaty. 1795. Prussia, France exchange Rhine territories.

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